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his questions remained

Толкование Перевод

1 quedarse

quedarse

► verbo pronominal

1 (permanecer) to remain, stay, be

■ se quedaron una semana they stayed for a week

■ Juan se ha quedado en casa Juan stayed at home

2 (resultado de algo) to be, remain

■ se quedó sin trabajo she lost her job

■ nos quedamos sin dinero we ran out of money

■ quedó entusiasmado he was delighted

3 eufemístico (morirse) to die

4 (mar, viento) to become calm; (viento) to drop

5 quedarse con (retener algo) to keep

■ quédese con el cambio keep the change

* * *

1) to stay

2) linger

* * *

VERBO PRONOMINAL

1) (=permanecer, estar)

a) [gen] to stay

ve tú, yo me quedo — you go, I'll stay

se quedó toda la mañana en la cama — she stayed in bed all morning

me quedé en casa — I stayed at home

mis compañeros salieron de trabajar a las cinco, pero yo me quedé hasta las ocho — my colleagues all left work at five, but I stayed behind until eight

sus preguntas se quedaron sin respuesta — his questions remained o were left unanswered

quedarse con unos amigos — to stay with some friends

• quedarse atrás — (=atrasarse) to fall behind, be left behind; (=en posición retrasada) to stay behind

generalmente se queda atrás hasta la última vuelta — (Dep) he usually stays behind until the last lap

b) + gerundio

me quedé estudiando hasta que cerraron la biblioteca — I carried on o stayed working in the library until it closed

id vosotros, yo me quedo un rato más viendo el museo — you go, I want to stay and look round the museum a bit more

me quedé viendo la tele hasta muy tarde — I stayed up late watching TV

se nos quedó mirando asombrado — he stared at us in amazement

See:

quedar 1., 2)

2) [indicando resultado]

a) [con adjetivos, locuciones preposicionales]

me estoy quedando sordo — I'm going deaf

se ha quedado viudo — he has been widowed, he has lost his wife

• quedarse en nada — to come to nothing

• se me ha quedado pequeña esta camisa — I've outgrown this shirt

b)

• quedarse sin, nos hemos quedado sin café — we've run out of coffee

quedarse sin empleo — to lose one's job

al final nos quedamos sin ver el concierto — we didn't get to see the concert in the end

See:

quedar 1., 3)

3) (=conservar) [gen] to keep; (=comprar) to take

quédatela como recuerdo — keep it as a memento

me la quedo — I'll take it

• quedarse con — (=retener) to keep; (=comprar) to take; (=preferir) to go for, take

quédese con la vuelta — keep the change

se quedó con mi pluma — he kept my pen

me quedo con este paraguas — I'll take this umbrella

el vencedor se queda con todo — winner takes all

entre A y B, me quedo con B — given a choice between A and B, I'd go for o take B

así que me quedé con el más tonto de los tres — so I got (left with) the stupidest of the three

• quedarse con hambre — to be still hungry

4) (=retener en la memoria)

está muy mayor, no se le quedan las cosas — he's really old now, he can't remember things

lo siento, no me quedé con su nombre — sorry, I can't quite remember your name

tiene mucha facilidad para quedarse con los números — she's very good at remembering numbers

5) Esp

• quedarse con algn — * (=engañar) to con sb *; (=tomar el pelo a) to take the mickey out of sb *, pull sb's leg *

¿te estás quedando conmigo? — are you trying to kid me? *

6) (=calmarse) [viento] to drop; [mar] to calm down

* * *

(v.) = stay, stay behind, board

Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex. While there were certainly people who stayed behind by choice, most stayed behind because they had no choice.

Ex. When she first arrived she was boarding with friends until she found a place to rent.

* * *

(v.) = stay, stay behind, board

Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex: While there were certainly people who stayed behind by choice, most stayed behind because they had no choice.

Ex: When she first arrived she was boarding with friends until she found a place to rent.

* * *

■quedarse verbo reflexivo
1 (en un estado) to remain: me quedé sorprendida, I was astonished
2 (en un lugar) to stay: se quedó en casa, she stayed (at) home
se quedó en el hotel, she stayed at the hotel
3 (sin algo) to run out of sthg
quedarse sin trabajo, to lose one's job
4 (con algo) to keep, take: me quedé con su abrigo, I kept his coat
se quedó con el tercer premio, she took the third prize
5 (en la memoria) to remember: no me quedé con su número de teléfono, I can't remember his telephone number
6 familiar (con alguien) to have sb on
' quedarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ancha
- ancho
- apolillada
- apolillado
- atascarse
- atrás
- atrasarse
- carta
- colgada
- colgado
- corta
- corto
- cuadro
- desentenderse
- embarazada
- ensordecer
- frita
- frito
- fuelle
- miel
- pajarito
- petrificar
- piedra
- plantarse
- santa
- santo
- sitio
- sopa
- tierra
- tiesa
- tieso
- tintero
- toro
- traspuesta
- traspuesto
- vela
- afónico
- boca
- boquiabierto
- calvo
- castigar
- chaparro
- definitivamente
- desconcertado
- dormido
- estado
- guardar
- helado
- hogar
- llevar
English:
aback
- asleep
- astonish
- background
- blind
- conclude
- conk out
- cut
- deaf
- disturbed
- doze off
- drop behind
- drop off
- fall
- fall behind
- freeze
- get behind
- go
- high
- hoarse
- home
- hover
- lag behind
- limb
- look on
- nod off
- oversleep
- remain
- remain behind
- retain
- run out
- shelf
- sit
- sit about
- sit around
- stand
- stay
- stay behind
- stay in
- stay on
- stay out
- stick around
- understatement
- voice
- wayside
- well
- anywhere
- bald
- break
- doze

* * *

vpr

1. [permanecer] to stay, to remain;

todos le pidieron que se quedara everyone asked her to stay;

va a tener que quedarse en el hospital he is going to have to stay o remain in hospital;

¿por qué no te quedas un rato más? why don't you stay on a bit longer?;

hoy me quedaré en casa I'm going to stay at home o stay in today;

me quedé estudiando hasta tarde I stayed up late studying;

me quedé en la cama hasta tarde I slept in;

se quedó de pie mirándome she stood there watching me

2. [terminar en un estado]
quedarse ciego/sordo to go blind/deaf;

quedarse viudo to be widowed;

quedarse soltero to remain single o a bachelor;

quedarse sin dinero to be left penniless;

me quedé dormido I fell asleep;

se quedó un poco triste she was o felt rather sad;
Esp
se ha quedado/se está quedando muy delgada she's become/she's getting very thin;

al verla se quedó pálido he turned pale when he saw her;
Esp
la pared se ha quedado limpia the wall is clean now;

quedarse atrás to fall behind

3. [comprar, elegir] to take;

me quedo éste I'll take this one

4.
quedarse con [retener, guardarse] to keep;

quédese con la vuelta o [m5] el cambio keep the change;

alguien se ha quedado con mi paraguas someone has taken my umbrella;

no me quedé con su nombre I can't seem to remember his name

5.
quedarse con [preferir] to go for, to prefer;

de todos los pescados me quedo con el salmón I prefer salmon to any other sort of fish, when it comes to fish, I'd go for salmon every time

6. Fam [persona] to kick the bucket;
Am [máquina] to pack up;
anduvo bien los primeros kilómetros y de pronto se quedó it was fine for the first few miles, then all of a sudden it packed up

7. Esp Fam
quedarse con alguien [burlarse de] to pull sb's leg, Br to wind sb up;

te estás quedando conmigo you're having me on!

* * *

quedarse

v/r

1 stay

2 en un estado

:

quedarse ciego go blind;

quedarse sin dinero run out of money;

quedarse contento be happy;

quedarse atrás be left behind

3 ( apropiarse)

:

quedarse con algo keep sth

4

:

me quedé sin comer I ended up not eating

* * *

vr

1) : to stay

se quedó en casa: she stayed at home

2) : to keep on

se quedó esperando: he kept on waiting

3)

quedarse atrás : to stay behind

no quedarse atrás: to be no slouch

4)

quedarse con : to remain

me quedé con hambre después de comer: I was still hungry after I ate

* * *

quedarse vb

1. (permanecer en un sitio) to stay

me quedé en casa I stayed at home

se queda en Madrid she's staying in Madrid

2. (apoderarse de algo) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]

quédate con el cambio keep the change

quédate el tebeo you can keep the comic

3. (elegir para comprar) to take [pt. took; pp. taken]

me quedaré con este bolso I'll take this bag

quedarse con alguien to pull somebody's leg

quedarse en blanco to go blank

se quedó en blanco en el examen her mind went blank in the exam

quedarse sin algo to run out of something [pt. ran; pp. run]

me quedé sin dinero I ran out of money

Spanish-English dictionary > quedarse
2 enredar

v.

1 to tangle up (madeja, pelo).

El gato enreda las lanas The cat tangles up the yarns.

2 to bother, to annoy.

3 to get up to mischief (informal).

enredar con algo to fiddle with o mess about with something

4 to mix up, to entangle, to fuzz up, to louse up.

El chico enredó las historias The boy mixed up the stories.

5 to snag, to hook, to get hooked.

La caña enredó al pez The fishing rod snagged the fish.

* * *

enredar

► verbo transitivo

1 (prender con red) to catch in a net, net

2 (para cazar) to set

3 (engatusar) to involve, implicate

4 (meter cizaña) to sow discord, cause trouble

5 (enmarañar) to tangle up, entangle

6 (entretener) to hold up, delay

7 figurado (asunto etc) to confuse, complicate; (trabajo) to make a mess of

► verbo intransitivo

1 (travesear) to be mischievous

► verbo pronominal enredarse

1 (hacerse un lío) to get tangled up, get entangled, get into a tangle

2 (complicarse) to get complicated, get confused

3 (en discusión) to become involved, get caught up

4 (amancebarse) to have an affair

* * *

verb

1) to confuse

2) tangle

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ hilos, cuerda] to tangle up

este viento te enreda el pelo — your hair gets tangled up in this wind, this wind tangles your hair up

2) [+ situación, asunto] to make complicated, complicate

con tanta mentira enredó las cosas aún más — with all his lies he made matters even more complicated, with all his lies he complicated matters even more

3) * (=desordenar) to get into a mess, mess up

estos niños lo han enredado todo — these children have got everything into a mess, these children have messed everything up

4) * (=involucrar) to get mixed o caught up (en in)

la han enredado en un asunto turbio — they've got her mixed o caught up in some shady deal

5) * (=entretener)

no me enredes, que llego tarde — don't hold me back, or I'll be late

6) * (=engañar) to trick

le enredaron unos timadores — some conmen tricked him

7) (=enemistar) to cause trouble among o between

8) (Caza) [+ animal] to net; [+ trampa] to set

2.

VI * (=juguetear) to play around, monkey around *

¡no enredes! — stop playing around!

enredar con algo — to fiddle with sth

¡deja ya de enredar con los lápices! — stop fiddling (around) with the pencils, will you?

3.

See:

enredarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <cuerdas/cables> to get... tangled up, tangle up

b) ( embarullar) < persona> to muddle... up, confuse; <asunto/situación> to complicate

no enredes más las cosas — don't complicate things any further

c) (fam) ( involucrar)

enredar a alguien en algo — to get somebody mixed up o caught up in something
2.
enredar vi (fam)

a) ( intrigar) to make trouble, stir up trouble

b) (Esp) ( molestar) to fidget

enredar con algo — to fiddle around with something, fiddle with something
3.
enredarse v pron

1) lana/cuerda to get tangled, become entangled; pelo to get tangled o knotted; planta to twist itself around

2)

a) (fam) ( en lío amoroso)

enredarse con alguien — to get involved with somebody

b) (fam) ( involucrarse)

enredarse en algo — to get mixed up o involved in something

se enredó en un negocio sucio — he got mixed up in some funny business

c) (fam) ( enfrascarse)

enredarse en algo — to get into something (colloq)

se enredaron en una acalorada discusión — they got into a heated discussion

d) (fam) ( embarullarse) to get mixed up get muddled up

* * *

= bog down, muddy, bamboozle, snarl up, entangle, knot into, coil, tangle, ensnare, snare, make + trouble.

Ex. There is increased evidence that we are being bogged down today as specialization extends.

Ex. The concept of such a center remained nebulous at best, and we later learned that communication problems early on had muddied the message about what was really needed.

Ex. Benny Morris claims that Karsh is attempting to hoodwink and bamboozle readers.

Ex. If all goes as usual, it will snow approximately one inch and completely snarl up traffic until melted.

Ex. The issues entangled in Van Gogh's work - issues of the market, gender, and class - were also knotted into the work of many avant-garde artists of the late 19th c.

Ex. The issues entangled in Van Gogh's work - issues of the market, gender, and class - were also knotted into the work of many avant-garde artists of the late 19th c.

Ex. This booklet is intended to provide general information on coiling of brain aneurysms.

Ex. The more unsuccessful she was the more bitter she became, and the more tangled in the web drawn about her by her husband and children.

Ex. The novel has many trappings that will ensnare the average reader but skulking at the bottom of its well of intrigue is a timeless terror more attuned to the mature sensibilities of an adult audience.

Ex. In fact, the Indians had been snaring animals long before the white man came to North America.

Ex. As President Bush's second term winds down, this is no time for him to be making trouble for his successor.

----

* enredar a Alguien para que haga Algo = talk + Nombre + into.

* enredar las cosas = muddy + the waters.

* enredarse = kink.

* enredarse con = get + involved with/in.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <cuerdas/cables> to get... tangled up, tangle up

b) ( embarullar) < persona> to muddle... up, confuse; <asunto/situación> to complicate

no enredes más las cosas — don't complicate things any further

c) (fam) ( involucrar)

enredar a alguien en algo — to get somebody mixed up o caught up in something
2.
enredar vi (fam)

a) ( intrigar) to make trouble, stir up trouble

b) (Esp) ( molestar) to fidget

enredar con algo — to fiddle around with something, fiddle with something
3.
enredarse v pron

1) lana/cuerda to get tangled, become entangled; pelo to get tangled o knotted; planta to twist itself around

2)

a) (fam) ( en lío amoroso)

enredarse con alguien — to get involved with somebody

b) (fam) ( involucrarse)

enredarse en algo — to get mixed up o involved in something

se enredó en un negocio sucio — he got mixed up in some funny business

c) (fam) ( enfrascarse)

enredarse en algo — to get into something (colloq)

se enredaron en una acalorada discusión — they got into a heated discussion

d) (fam) ( embarullarse) to get mixed up get muddled up

* * *

= bog down, muddy, bamboozle, snarl up, entangle, knot into, coil, tangle, ensnare, snare, make + trouble.

Ex: There is increased evidence that we are being bogged down today as specialization extends.

Ex: The concept of such a center remained nebulous at best, and we later learned that communication problems early on had muddied the message about what was really needed.

Ex: Benny Morris claims that Karsh is attempting to hoodwink and bamboozle readers.

Ex: If all goes as usual, it will snow approximately one inch and completely snarl up traffic until melted.

Ex: The issues entangled in Van Gogh's work - issues of the market, gender, and class - were also knotted into the work of many avant-garde artists of the late 19th c.

Ex: The issues entangled in Van Gogh's work - issues of the market, gender, and class - were also knotted into the work of many avant-garde artists of the late 19th c.

Ex: This booklet is intended to provide general information on coiling of brain aneurysms.

Ex: The more unsuccessful she was the more bitter she became, and the more tangled in the web drawn about her by her husband and children.

Ex: The novel has many trappings that will ensnare the average reader but skulking at the bottom of its well of intrigue is a timeless terror more attuned to the mature sensibilities of an adult audience.

Ex: In fact, the Indians had been snaring animals long before the white man came to North America.

Ex: As President Bush's second term winds down, this is no time for him to be making trouble for his successor.

* enredar a Alguien para que haga Algo = talk + Nombre + into.

* enredar las cosas = muddy + the waters.

* enredarse = kink.

* enredarse con = get + involved with/in.

* * *

enredar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹cuerdas/cables› to get … tangled up, tangle up

2 ‹asunto/situación› to complicate, make … complicated

no enredes más las cosas don't complicate things any further

3 ( fam) (involucrar) enredar a algn EN algo to get sb mixed up o caught up o embroiled o involved IN sth

lo enredaron en la compra de las acciones they got him involved o caught up in buying shares

■ enredar

vi

( fam)

1 (intrigar) to make trouble, stir up trouble, stir ( colloq)

2 ( Esp) (molestar) to fidget enredar CON algo to fiddle around WITH sth, fiddle WITH sth

■ enredarse

v pron

A

1 «lana/cuerda» to get tangled, become entangled; «pelo» to get tangled o knotted o ( AmE) snarled

la cuerda se enredó en las patas de la silla the rope got tangled around o entangled in the chair legs

2 «planta» to twist itself around

B

1 ( fam) (en un lío amoroso) enredarse CON algn to get involved WITH sb

2 ( fam) (involucrarse) enredarse EN algo to get mixed up IN sth, get involved IN sth

se ha enredado en un negocio sucio he's got mixed up in some funny business

3 ( fam) (enfrascarse) enredarse EN algo to get INTO sth ( colloq)

se enredaron en una acalorada discusión they got into a heated discussion

4 ( fam) (embarullarse) to get mixed up ( colloq), get muddled up ( colloq)

* * *

enredar ( conjugate enredar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹cuerdas/cables› to get … tangled up, tangle up

b) ( embarullar) ‹ persona› to muddle … up, confuse;

‹asunto/situación› to complicate
c) (fam) ( involucrar) enredar a algn en algo to get sb mixed up o caught up in sth

verbo intransitivo (fam)
a) ( intrigar) to make trouble, stir up trouble

b) (Esp) ( molestar) to fidget;

enredar con algo to fiddle (around) with sth
enredarse verbo pronominal
1 [lana/cuerda] to get tangled, become entangled;
[ pelo] to get tangled o knotted;
[ planta] to twist itself around
2 (fam)
a) ( en lío amoroso) enredarse con algn to get involved with sb

b) ( involucrarse) enredarse en algo to get mixed up o involved in sth

c) (fam) ( embarullarse) to get mixed up, get muddled up

enredar verbo transitivo
1 (cables, cuerdas, pelo) to entangle, tangle up
2 (un asunto, situación) to confuse, complicate
3 fig (implicar en algo ilegal, turbio) to involve [en, in], to mix up [en, in]
4 (convencer, liar) lo enredaron para presentarse a las elecciones, they talked him into being a candidate in the election
' enredar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
envolver
- trastear
- implicar
English:
embroil
- entangle
- tangle
- tangle up
- foul
- snarl

* * *

enredar

♦ vt

1. [cuerdas, madeja, pelo] to tangle (up)

2. [situación, asunto] to complicate;

será mejor no enredar más las cosas it's best not to make matters more complicated

3. [implicar]
enredar a alguien en to get sb involved in, to embroil sb in;

me enredaron en sus sucios negocios they got me mixed up in their dirty dealings

4. [entretener] to bother, to annoy

♦ vi
Fam
1. [hacer travesuras] to get up to mischief

2. [juguetear]
enredar con algo to fiddle with o mess about with sth

♦ See also the pronominal verb enredarse

* * *

enredar

I v/t

1 tangle, get tangled

2 fig

complicate, make complicated

II v/i make trouble

* * *

enredar vt

1) : to tangle up, to entangle

2) : to confuse, to complicate

3) : to involve, to implicate

♦ See also the reflexive verb enredarse

* * *

enredar vb

1. (involucrar) to involve

lo enredaron en un negocio oscuro they involved him in a shady deal

2. (complicar) to complicate

no enredes más las cosas don't complicate things even more

3. (confundir) to muddle / to confuse

el fiscal intentó enredar al testigo con sus preguntas the prosecutor tried to confuse the witness with his questions

4. (tocar) to mess about

deja de enredar con los rotuladores stop messing about with your pens

Spanish-English dictionary > enredar
3 any

any ['enɪ]

du, de la, de l', des ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) aucun ⇒ 1 (c) n'importe quel ⇒ 1 (d) tout ⇒ 1 (e) ne...plus ⇒ 2 (b) n'importe lequel ⇒ 3 (c)

1 adjective

(a) (some → in questions)

∎ have you any money? avez-vous de l'argent?;

∎ did you see any lions? avez-vous vu des lions?;

∎ do they have any others? en ont-ils d'autres?;

∎ have any guests arrived? des invités sont-ils arrivés?;

∎ were you in any danger? étiez-vous en danger?;

∎ familiar any letters for me? il y a du courrier pour moi?;

∎ familiar any news about the application? il y a du neuf pour la candidature?

(b) (some → in conditional clauses)

∎ if there's any cake left, can I have some? s'il reste du gâteau, est-ce que je peux en avoir?;

∎ if you find any children's books, let me know si jamais vous trouvez des livres pour enfants, dites-le moi;

∎ if you have any free time, call me si vous avez un moment, appelez-moi;

∎ familiar any nonsense from you and you'll be out! tu n'as qu'à bien te tenir, sinon, c'est la porte!

(c) (in negative phrases)

∎ he hasn't any change/money/cigarettes il n'a pas de monnaie/d'argent/de cigarettes;

∎ you haven't any reason to complain vous n'avez aucune raison de vous plaindre;

∎ he can't stand any noise il ne supporte pas le moindre bruit, il ne supporte aucun bruit;

∎ it's impossible to say with any degree of certainty on ne peut l'affirmer avec aucune certitude;

∎ without any warning/fuss sans le moindre avertissement/problème;

∎ she's forbidden to do any work tout travail lui est interdit;

∎ hardly or barely or scarcely any très peu de

(d) (no matter which) n'importe quel (quelle);

∎ ask any woman demandez à n'importe quelle femme;

∎ any man, woman or child qui que ce soit, homme, femme, ou enfant;

∎ choose any colour you like choisissez la couleur que vous voulez, choisissez n'importe quelle couleur;

∎ at any time of day à n'importe quel moment ou à tout moment de la journée;

∎ I expect him any moment now je l'attends d'un instant à l'autre;

∎ any one of these paintings is worth a fortune chacun de ces tableaux vaut une fortune;

∎ answer any two of the questions in section C répondez à deux des questions de la section C;

∎ any (old) cup will do n'importe quelle tasse fera l'affaire;

∎ she's not just any (old) pianist! ce n'est pas n'importe quelle pianiste!

(e) (all, every) tout;

∎ give me any money you've got donne-moi tout l'argent que tu as;

∎ I'll accept any help I can get j'accepterai toute l'aide qui me sera offerte;

∎ any latecomers should report to the office tous les retardataires doivent se présenter au bureau;

∎ any public-spirited citizen would have done the same tout citoyen ayant le souci du bien public aurait fait la même chose

(f) (unlimited)

∎ there are any number of ways of winning il y a mille façons de gagner;

∎ she has any amount or number of friends to help her elle a (une) quantité d'amis qui peuvent l'aider

2 adverb

(a) (with comparative → in questions, conditional statements)

∎ can you walk any faster? peux-tu marcher un peu plus vite?;

∎ can't you walk any faster than that? tu ne peux pas marcher plus vite que ça?;

∎ is she any better today? va-t-elle un peu mieux aujourd'hui?;

∎ if she isn't any better by tomorrow, call the doctor si elle ne va pas mieux demain, appelez le médecin;

∎ if the wind gets any stronger, we shan't be able to set sail si le vent se renforce, nous ne pourrons pas partir

(b) (with comparative → in negative statements)

∎ he won't be any (the) happier il n'en sera pas plus heureux;

∎ we can't go any further nous ne pouvons aller plus loin;

∎ I don't see him any longer or more je ne le vois plus;

∎ I didn't do it any more than you did je ne l'ai pas fait plus que vous;

∎ I don't like her any more than you do je ne l'aime pas plus que tu ne l'aimes;

∎ it's not getting any easier to find good staff c'est toujours aussi difficile de trouver de bons employés;

∎ I can't get this floor any cleaner je n'arrive pas à nettoyer le sol mieux que ça;

∎ I can't put it any more plainly than that, can I? je ne pourrais pas le dire plus simplement que ça, si?

(c) familiar (at all)

∎ you're not helping me any tu ne m'aides pas du tout^□ ;

∎ has the situation improved any? la situation s'est-elle arrangée un tant soit peu?^□ ;

∎ she wasn't any too pleased with the press coverage she got elle n'était pas ravie de la publicité que lui ont faite les médias^□ ;

∎ any old how n'importe comment^□

3 pronoun

(a) (some, someone → in questions, conditional statements)

∎ did you see any? en avez-vous vu?;

∎ did any of them go? est-ce que certains d'entre eux y sont allés?;

∎ if any of you want to help, please phone s'il y en a parmi vous qui veulent apporter leur aide, ils n'ont qu'à téléphoner;

∎ if any of you wants them, do take them si quelqu'un parmi vous ou si l'un d'entre vous les veut, il n'a qu'à les prendre;

∎ few, if any, of his supporters remained loyal aucun ou presque aucun de ses supporters ne lui est resté fidèle

(b) (even one → in negative statements)

∎ he couldn't see any of them il ne voyait aucun d'entre eux;

∎ he won't vote for any of the can-didates il ne votera pour aucun des candidats;

∎ there was hardly any of it left il n'en restait que très peu;

∎ she's learned two foreign languages, I haven't learned any elle a étudié deux langues étrangères, je n'en ai étudié aucune;

∎ I have absolutely no money and don't expect to get any je n'ai pas un sou et je ne m'attends pas à en avoir;

∎ if you don't eat supper now, you'll go to bed without any si tu ne manges pas immédiatement, tu iras au lit sans dîner;

∎ familiar he's not having any (of it) il ne marche pas

(c) (no matter which one) n'importe lequel (laquelle);

∎ which chocolate shall I have? - take any, they're all the same quel chocolat est-ce que je vais prendre? - prends n'importe lequel, ils sont tous pareils;

∎ which dress should I wear? - any but that one quelle robe est-ce que je mets? - n'importe laquelle sauf celle-là;

∎ study any of her works and you will discover... étudie n'importe laquelle de ses œuvres et tu découvriras...

(d) (every one, all) tout;

∎ any of the suspects would fit that description cette description s'applique à tous les suspects;

∎ this applies to any of you who are married ceci s'applique à tous ceux d'entre vous qui sont mariés

►► British Radio Any Questions = débat radiophonique entre le public et diverses personnalités médiatiques autour de sujets d'actualité

✾ Book 'Any Old Iron' Burgess 'Ferraille à vendre'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > any
4 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
5 quedar

v.

1 to be left, to remain.

¿queda azúcar? is there any sugar left?

nos quedan 100 pesos we have 100 pesos left

¿cuánto queda para León? how much farther is it to León?

quedan dos vueltas para que termine la carrera there are two laps to go until the end of the race

quedar por hacer to remain to be done

queda por fregar el suelo the floor has still to be cleaned

Algo queda Something is left, something remains.

Queda un solo carro There is only one car.

Eso queda lejos This is far away.

2 to remain, to stay.

el viaje quedó en proyecto the trip never got beyond the planning stage

¡esto no puede o no va a quedar así! I'm not going to let it rest at this!

3 to look.

te queda un poco corto el traje your suit is a bit too short

quedar bien/mal a alguien to look good/bad on somebody

quedar bien/mal con algo to go well/badly with something

4 to be (informal) (estar situado).

queda por las afueras it's somewhere on the outskirts

¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?

5 to keep on, to keep.

Ella quedó trabajando She kept on working.

6 to fit.

Esta camisa me queda (bien) This shirts fits (well).

Queda bien It fits well.

7 to be left with, to have left, to have.

Me quedó un dolar solamente I was left with one dollar only.

8 to get, to become.

Ella quedó alegre She got happy, she became happy.

El caso quedó muy claro The case became very clear.

9 to leave.

Se me quedó mi sombrero I left my hat.

10 to act, to perform, to come across, to do one's part.

Quedé muy bien en la reunión I acted [did my part] very well at the meeting.

11 to be still pending to.

Queda pintar It is still pending to paint.

12 to be left to be done.

13 to be for.

Me queda muy difícil It is very difficult for me.

14 to make an appointment.

* * *

quedar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (permanecer) to remain, stay

■ quedó quieto he remained still

■ la carta quedó abierta the letter was left open

2 figurado (terminar) to end

■ la discusión quedó aquí the discussion ended here

3 (cita) to arrange to meet

■ quedamos en el aeropuerto a las diez we arranged to meet at the airport at ten o'clock

4 (resultado de algo) to be

■ al morir sus padres quedó solo en la vida when his parents died he was left all alone in the world

■ quedó ciego por culpa del accidente he went blind as a result of the accident

■ te ha quedado muy bien la tarta your cake has turned out really well

5 (favorecer) to look, fit

■ el abrigo me queda grande the coat is too big for me

■ esta falda no me queda bien this skirt doesn't fit me

■ allí quedaría bien un cuadro a picture would look nice there

■ ¿qué tal me queda? does it suit me?, how does it look on me?

6 (estar situado) to be

■ ¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?

■ eso queda por detrás del cine that's somewhere behind the cinema

7 (restar) to be left, remain

■ quedan tres bombones there are three chocolates left

■ después del incendio sólo quedan las cenizas after the fire only ashes remain

8 (faltar) to be, be still

■ queda mucho que hacer there's a lot to be done

■ quedan cuatro kilómetros para llegar there are still four kilometres to go

9 quedar en (convenir) to agree to

■ quedamos en volver más tarde we agreed to come back later

■ quedamos en que la película no era buena we agreed that it wasn't a good film

10 quedar por + inf not to have been + past participle

■ la cama quedó por hacer the bed had not been made, the bed was left unmade

■ quedan esos platos por lavar there are still those dishes to be washed up

■ queda por ver si llegarán a algún acuerdo it remains to be seen whether they will come to some agreement

11 quedar + gerundio to be, remain

■ cuando me fui el niño quedaba durmiendo when I left the child was sleeping

► verbo pronominal quedarse

1 (permanecer) to remain, stay, be

■ se quedaron una semana they stayed for a week

■ Juan se ha quedado en casa Juan stayed at home

2 (resultado de algo) to be, remain

■ se quedó sin trabajo she lost her job

■ nos quedamos sin dinero we ran out of money

■ quedó entusiasmado he was delighted

3 eufemístico (morirse) to die

4 (mar, viento) to become calm; (viento) to drop

5 quedarse con (retener algo) to keep

■ quédese con el cambio keep the change

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ahí quedó la cosa that's the way it was left

¿en qué quedamos? so what's it to be?

no quedar títere con cabeza familiar to leave nothing intact

'Queda de usted atentamente...' (en cartas) "Yours faithfully..."

quedar a deber algo to owe something

quedar alguien bien/mal to make a good/bad impression

quedar como un señor/una señora familiar to create a very good impression

quedarse atrás figurado to be left behind

quedarse con alguien familiar to make a fool of somebody, have somebody on

quedarse con la boca abierta figurado to be dumbfounded, be stunned

quedarse con las ganas de algo figurado to go without something

quedarse en blanco to go blank

quedarse sin algo to run out of something

quedarse sin blanca familiar to be broke

quedarse tan tranquilo,-a familiar not to bat an eyelid

quedar en nada to come to nothing

* * *

verb

1) to remain

2) fit, suit

3) be left

4) suit

•

- quedar en
- quedarse
* * *
Para expresiones como quedarse tan ancho, quedarse con las ganas, quedársele grabado algn, quedarse helado, quedarse parado, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) [indicando lugar] to be

eso queda muy lejos — that's a long way away

queda un poco más al oeste — it is a little further west

queda a 6 km de aquí — it's 6 km from here

queda hacia la derecha — it's over to the right

¿por dónde queda Correos? — where's the post office?

queda por aquí — it's around here somewhere

esa cuestión queda fuera de nuestra responsabilidad — that matter lies outside our responsibility

2) [indicando posición]

quedó el penúltimo — he was second last

• quedar [atrás], no quieren quedar atrás en la carrera espacial — they don't want to be left behind {o} fall behind in the space race

la crisis ha quedado atrás — the crisis is behind us

3) [indicando resultado]

a) [con adjetivos, adverbios, locuciones preposicionales, participios]

el autocar quedó destrozado — the coach was wrecked

te ha quedado muy bonita la cocina — you've made a great job of the kitchen

quedó paralítico tras el accidente — the accident left him paralysed

la cara le ha quedado desfigurada — her face has been disfigured

al final quedamos como amigos — we were still friends afterwards

aún no han quedado definidos los criterios — the criteria still haven't been established

la junta ha quedado constituida — the board has been elected

• quedar [ciego] — to go blind

• quedar [huérfano] — to be orphaned

quedó huérfano de padre a los seis años — he lost his father when he was six years old

• quedar [viuda]/[viudo] — to be widowed, lose one's husband/wife

- ahí quedó la cosa

b)

• quedar [en] algo, ¿en qué quedó la conversación? — how did the conversation end?

todas sus promesas quedaron en nada — all her promises came to nothing

al final todo quedó en un susto — it gave us a scare but it turned out all right in the end

c)

• quedar [sin], miles de personas han quedado sin hogar — thousands of people have been left homeless

el proyecto quedó sin realizar — the project was never carried out

la reconstrucción del puente ha quedado sin hacer por falta de presupuesto — the rebuilding of the bridge has been abandoned because of a shortage of funds

4) [en el trato, al hablar]

ha quedado como un canalla — he has shown himself to be a rotter

• quedar [bien], regalando flores siempre queda uno bien — taking flowers always makes a good impression

solo lo ha hecho por quedar bien — he only did it to make himself look good

quedar bien con algn — to make a good impression on sb

• quedar [mal], nos hiciste quedar mal haciendo esas preguntas — you made us look bad by asking those questions

no quiero quedar mal con ellos — I don't want to get on the wrong side of them

por no quedar mal — so as not to cause any offence

• quedar [por] algo — to be left looking like sth

quedé por idiota — I was left looking like an idiot

aunque fue idea de todos, yo quedé por el culpable — although everyone was to blame, it ended up looking as if it was my fault

• quedar en [ridículo], ha quedado en ridículo — he ended up looking a fool

quería que su marido quedara en ridículo — she wanted to make her husband look a fool, she wanted to show her husband up

5) (=permanecer) to stay

quedaron allí una semana — they stayed there a week

quedo a la espera de sus noticias — [en carta] I look forward to hearing from you

6) (=haber todavía) to be left

no queda ninguno — there are none left

¿queda algo de la cena? — is there any dinner left?

no quedan más que escombros — there is nothing left but rubble

no quedaba nadie en el autobús — there was nobody left on the bus

de la ciudad solo queda el castillo — all that remains {o} is left of the city is the castle

no quedó ni un solo edificio en pie — not a single building was left standing

se me cayó un poco de vino, pero no ha quedado ninguna mancha — I spilt some wine, but it didn't leave a stain

si a 8 le quito 2, quedan 6 — if I take 2 from 8, I'm left with {o} it leaves 6

• quedarle [a algn], ¿le quedan entradas para esta noche? — do you have any tickets left for tonight?

me quedan cinco euros — I've got five euros left

no nos queda mucho dinero — we don't have much money left

• quedar [a deber] algo — to owe sth

no tenía suficiente y tuve que quedarle a deber — I didn't have enough money on me, so I had to owe him

me quedó a deber 25 euros — he was left owing me 25 euros

• quedan pocos días [para] la fiesta — the party is only a few days away

nos quedan 12 km para llegar a Badalona — we've still got 12 km to go to Badalona

• quedar [por] hacer, nos queda por pagar la luz — we still have to pay the electricity bill

queda por limpiar la cocina — the kitchen still needs cleaning

eso queda todavía por estudiar — that remains to be studied

• no me queda más [remedio] — I have no alternative (left)

que no quede —

por mí que no quede, yo he ayudado en lo que he podido — it won't be for want of trying on my part, I helped as much as I could

por probar que no quede — there's no harm in trying

tú por ser amable que no quede — nobody could accuse you of not being nice

7) (Educ) [asignatura]

me han quedado las matemáticas — I failed mathematics

8) [ropa] (=ser la talla) to fit; (=sentar) to suit

¿qué tal (de grande) te queda el vestido? — does the dress fit you?

me queda pequeño — it's too small for me

no te queda bien ese vestido — that dress doesn't suit you

te queda bien — it suits you

no queda bien así/aquí — it doesn't look right like that/here

9)

• quedar [en] (=acordar) —

¿quedamos en eso, entonces? — we'll do that, then, all right?

quedar en {o} LAm de hacer algo — to agree to do sth

quedaron en esperar unos días antes de tomar una decisión definitiva — they agreed to wait a few days before taking a final decision

quedamos en vernos mañana — we arranged to meet tomorrow

• quedar en [que] — to agree that

quedamos en que cada uno traería una botella — we agreed that everyone would bring a bottle

¿en qué quedamos? ¿lo compras o no? — so what's it to be then? are you going to buy it or not?

10) (=citarse) to arrange to meet

hemos quedado en la puerta del cine — we've arranged to meet outside the cinema

habíamos quedado, pero no se presentó — we had arranged to meet, but he didn't turn up

¿quedamos a las cuatro? — shall we meet at four?

¿cómo quedamos? — where shall we meet and what time?

• quedar [con] algn — to arrange to meet sb

¿quedamos con ella en la parada? — shall we meet her at the bus stop?

2.

See:

quedarse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1) (en un estado, una situación)

quedar viudo/viuda — to be widowed

quedar huérfano — to be orphaned

quedó paralítico — he was left paralyzed

quedar sin hogar/en la miseria — to be left homeless/destitute

el coche quedó como nuevo — the car is as good as new (now)

ha quedado precioso pintado de blanco — it looks beautiful painted white

todo quedó solucionado — everything was sorted out

ha quedado acordado que... — it has been agreed that...

y que esto quede bien claro — and I want to make this quite clear

¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? — where did we get (up) to in the last class?

¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? — who was o came first/last?; (+ me/te/le etc)

me quedó muy claro que... — it was quite clear to me that...

el postre le quedó riquísimo — that dessert (he made) was delicious

2) ( en la opinión de los demás)

para no quedar mal — so as not to lose face

si no vamos, quedamos mal — it'll look bad if we don't go

si no voy quedaré mal con ellos — it won't go down very well if I don't turn up

lo hice para quedar bien con el jefe — I did it to get in the boss's good books

quedé muy bien con el regalo — I made a very good impression with my present

me hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso — you really showed me up saying that

nos hizo quedar mal a todos — he embarrassed us all

quedó en ridículo — ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; ( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool

quedé como una ignorante — I made a fool of myself

3) ( permanecer)

¿queda alguien adentro? — is there anyone left inside?

le quedó la cicatriz — she was left with a scar

quedó sin solución — it remained unsolved

esto no puede quedar así — we can't leave things like this

quedamos a la espera de su confirmación — (frml) we await your confirmation (frml)

quedo a sus gratas órdenes — (frml) (Corresp) Sincerely yours (AmE), Yours faithfully (BrE)

quedar EN algo: todo quedó en suspenso everything was left in the air; nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing; quedar atrás — persona to fall behind; rencillas/problemas to be in the past

4) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) tamaño/talla

me queda grande/largo/apretado — it's too big/long/tight for me

la talla 12 le queda bien — the size 12 fits (you/him) fine

b) ( sentar)

el azul/ese peinado te queda muy bien — blue/that hairdo really suits you

Sentido II

5)

a) (acordar, convenir)

quedar EN algo: ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?; ¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?; quedamos en que yo iría we agreed o arranged that I would go; quedar EN or (AmL) DE + INF: quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything; quedó en venir a las nueve — she said she would come at nine

b) ( citarse)

¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? — what time/where shall we meet?

quedé con unos amigos para cenar — I arranged to meet some friends for dinner

Sentido III

6) ( estar situado) to be

queda justo enfrente de la estación — it's right opposite the station; (+ me/te/le etc)

me queda muy lejos/cerca — it's very far/near from where I live (o work etc)

Sentido IV

7) (en 3^a pers)

a) ( haber todavía)

¿queda café? — is there any coffee left?

no quedan entradas — there are no tickets left

sólo quedan las ruinas — only the ruins remain; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿te queda algo de dinero? — do you have any money left?

¿te queda alguna duda? — is there anything you still don't understand?

no nos queda más remedio que ir — we have no choice but to go

ya no me quedan fuerzas — I've no more strength left

b) ( sobrar) comida/vino to be left (over)

8) ( faltar)

queda poco para que acabe la clase — it's not long till the end of the class

¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? — how many kilometers are there to go?; (+ me/te/le etc)

todavía le quedan dos años — he still has two years to go o do

me queda poco para terminar — I've almost finished

quedar POR + INF: queda mucho por ver/visitar there is still a lot to see/visit; aún quedan estudiantes por pagar there are still some students who haven't paid; (+ me/te/le etc) aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do; no me/le queda otra (AmL fam) I have/he has no choice; por... que no quede (Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a try; hazlo, por mí que no quede — go ahead, don't let me stop you
2.
1) quedarse v pron

Sentido I

2)

a) ( en un lugar) to stay

quedarse en casa/en la cama — to stay at home/in bed

se quedaron en París/en un hotel — they stayed in Paris/in a hotel

b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl)

te estás quedando calvo — you're going bald

quédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto — relax, I'll take care of it

quedarse dormido — to fall asleep

¿te quedaste con hambre? — are you still hungry?

me quedé sin postre — I didn't get any dessert

quedarse sin trabajo — to lose one's job

quedarse soltera — to stay single

no me gusta quedarme sola en casa — I don't like being alone in the house

no te quedes ahí parado — don't just stand there!

nos quedamos charlando toda la noche — we spent the whole night chatting

se me quedó mirando — he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at me

de repente el motor se quedó — (AmL) the engine suddenly died on me

3) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) (fam) ( memorizar)

no se me quedan los nombres — I don't retain names

no se me queda nada — I don't retain a thing

b) (Andes) ( olvidarse)

se me quedó el paraguas — I left my umbrella behind

c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser)

la casa se les está quedando pequeña — the house is getting (to be) too small for them

Sentido II

4)

quedarse CON algo: se quedó con mi libro she kept my book; entre él y su mujer no sé con cuál me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wife; me quedo con éste I'll take this one; quedarse con alguien — (Esp fam) ( engañarlo) to take somebody for a ride (colloq)

* * *

= remain.

Ex. Needless to say, any errors which remain are entirely our responsibility.

----

* aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.

* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.

* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).

* hacer que Uno se quede dormido = put + Nombre + to sleep.

* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.

* mecer a Alguien hasta que quede dormido = rock + Nombre + to sleep.

* mente + quedarse en blanco = mind + go blank.

* mientras queden = while stocks last.

* Nombre de Lugar + quedarse chico = outgrow + Nombre de Lugar.

* no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* quedar Algo a Alguien = be left with.

* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.

* quedar atrapado = get + caught.

* quedar constatado = go on + record.

* quedar deshecho = go to + pieces.

* quedar destrozado = go to + pieces.

* quedar en segundo plano = come in + a poor second.

* quedar en suspenso = go into + abeyance.

* quedar exempto de = discharge from.

* quedar + Expresión Temporal = be + Expresión Temporal + off.

* quedar igual = remain + the same.

* quedar impactado = be impressed.

* quedar impresionado = be impressed.

* quedar impune = go + scot-free, go + scot-free, get away + scot-free.

* quedar inpune = go + unpunished.

* quedar libre = become + vacant.

* quedar mal = lose + face.

* quedar muchísimo por hacer = a great deal more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).

* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.

* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar patas arriba = flip-flop.

* quedar pendiente = remain, remain + to be done.

* quedar peor = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.

* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).

* quedar por hacer = remain + to be done.

* quedar por + Infinitivo = remain + to be + Participio.

* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.

* quedar registrado = go on + record.

* quedarse = stay, stay behind, board.

* quedarse abandonado en una isla desierta = be stranded on a desert island.

* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.

* quedarse afónico = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse al margen = stand by.

* quedarse a medias = fall (between/through) + the cracks.

* quedarse anodadado = be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse anticuado = date.

* quedarse arriba = sit on + top.

* quedarse atascado = get + stuck.

* quedarse atónito = be astonished, be bowled over, stun into + speechlessness.

* quedarse atrancado = get + stuck.

* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.

* quedarse boquiabierto = give + a gasp of, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedarse completamente atónito = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.

* quedarse con = pocket, cream off.

* quedarse con el culo al aire = come + unstuck.

* quedarse congelado = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse corto = stop + short of, fall + short, fall + short of.

* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.

* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.

* quedarse dormido = fall + asleep, doze off, nod off, drop off to + sleep, go to + sleep.

* quedarse dormido al volante = fall + asleep at the wheel.

* quedarse embarazada = become + pregnant, be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* quedarse en = stick at.

* quedarse en blanco = go + blank, mind + go blank.

* quedarse encallado = be stranded.

* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.

* quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.

* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.

* quedarse en el sitio = die + there and then.

* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant.

* quedarse en la cama hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.

* quedarse en la estacada = be left out on a limb.

* quedarse en la ignorancia = leave + Nombre + in the dark.

* quedarse en silencio = fall + silent, lapse into + silence.

* quedarse en tablas = split down the middle.

* quedarse estancado = stagnate.

* quedarse estupefacto = stun into + speechlessness, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, be speechless, be gobsmacked, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedar segundo = come off + second-best.

* quedarse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse huérfano = orphan.

* quedarse igual = be none the wiser.

* quedarse impresionado = be bowled over.

* quedarse inamovible = stay in + place.

* quedarse inmóvil = stay + still.

* quedarse levantado = stay up.

* quedarse mudo = be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse obsoleto = be overtaken by events, outgrow.

* quedarse parado = stand + still, stand by.

* quedarse pasmado = stun.

* quedarse patidifuso = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedarse patitieso = freeze to + death.

* quedarse pequeño = overflow.

* quedarse prendado = smite.

* quedarse prendado de = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to.

* quedarse prendado por = take + a liking to.

* quedarse preñada = become + pregnant, have + a bun in the oven.

* quedarse quieto = stand + still, stand by.

* quedarse ronco = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse sin = run + short (of), miss out on, run out of, run out.

* quedarse sin aliento = run out of + breath.

* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* quedarse sin fuelle = run out of + steam.

* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.

* quedarse sin gas = lose + steam.

* quedarse sin habla = stun into + speechlessness, be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse sin negocio = go out of + business.

* quedarse sin palabras = stun into + speechlessness, be at a loss for words, be lost for words.

* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* quedarse sin suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.

* quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse sorprendido por = be amazed by, be amazed at.

* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.

* quedarse tieso = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse tieso de frío = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse tirado = be stranded.

* quedarse varado = get + stuck, be stranded.

* quedarse viudo = widow.

* quedar sin castigo = go + unpunished.

* quedar un poco = be some way off.

* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.

* quedar vacante = become + vacant.

* quedar vacío = empty.

* que no queda bien = ill-fitting.

* que queda = surviving.

* que queda mal = ill-fitting.

* que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.

* según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.

* siempre queda una esperanza = where there's life there's hope.

* si queda tiempo = time permitting.

* todo queda en casa = all in the family.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1) (en un estado, una situación)

quedar viudo/viuda — to be widowed

quedar huérfano — to be orphaned

quedó paralítico — he was left paralyzed

quedar sin hogar/en la miseria — to be left homeless/destitute

el coche quedó como nuevo — the car is as good as new (now)

ha quedado precioso pintado de blanco — it looks beautiful painted white

todo quedó solucionado — everything was sorted out

ha quedado acordado que... — it has been agreed that...

y que esto quede bien claro — and I want to make this quite clear

¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? — where did we get (up) to in the last class?

¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? — who was o came first/last?; (+ me/te/le etc)

me quedó muy claro que... — it was quite clear to me that...

el postre le quedó riquísimo — that dessert (he made) was delicious

2) ( en la opinión de los demás)

para no quedar mal — so as not to lose face

si no vamos, quedamos mal — it'll look bad if we don't go

si no voy quedaré mal con ellos — it won't go down very well if I don't turn up

lo hice para quedar bien con el jefe — I did it to get in the boss's good books

quedé muy bien con el regalo — I made a very good impression with my present

me hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso — you really showed me up saying that

nos hizo quedar mal a todos — he embarrassed us all

quedó en ridículo — ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; ( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool

quedé como una ignorante — I made a fool of myself

3) ( permanecer)

¿queda alguien adentro? — is there anyone left inside?

le quedó la cicatriz — she was left with a scar

quedó sin solución — it remained unsolved

esto no puede quedar así — we can't leave things like this

quedamos a la espera de su confirmación — (frml) we await your confirmation (frml)

quedo a sus gratas órdenes — (frml) (Corresp) Sincerely yours (AmE), Yours faithfully (BrE)

quedar EN algo: todo quedó en suspenso everything was left in the air; nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing; quedar atrás — persona to fall behind; rencillas/problemas to be in the past

4) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) tamaño/talla

me queda grande/largo/apretado — it's too big/long/tight for me

la talla 12 le queda bien — the size 12 fits (you/him) fine

b) ( sentar)

el azul/ese peinado te queda muy bien — blue/that hairdo really suits you

Sentido II

5)

a) (acordar, convenir)

quedar EN algo: ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?; ¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?; quedamos en que yo iría we agreed o arranged that I would go; quedar EN or (AmL) DE + INF: quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything; quedó en venir a las nueve — she said she would come at nine

b) ( citarse)

¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? — what time/where shall we meet?

quedé con unos amigos para cenar — I arranged to meet some friends for dinner

Sentido III

6) ( estar situado) to be

queda justo enfrente de la estación — it's right opposite the station; (+ me/te/le etc)

me queda muy lejos/cerca — it's very far/near from where I live (o work etc)

Sentido IV

7) (en 3^a pers)

a) ( haber todavía)

¿queda café? — is there any coffee left?

no quedan entradas — there are no tickets left

sólo quedan las ruinas — only the ruins remain; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿te queda algo de dinero? — do you have any money left?

¿te queda alguna duda? — is there anything you still don't understand?

no nos queda más remedio que ir — we have no choice but to go

ya no me quedan fuerzas — I've no more strength left

b) ( sobrar) comida/vino to be left (over)

8) ( faltar)

queda poco para que acabe la clase — it's not long till the end of the class

¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? — how many kilometers are there to go?; (+ me/te/le etc)

todavía le quedan dos años — he still has two years to go o do

me queda poco para terminar — I've almost finished

quedar POR + INF: queda mucho por ver/visitar there is still a lot to see/visit; aún quedan estudiantes por pagar there are still some students who haven't paid; (+ me/te/le etc) aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do; no me/le queda otra (AmL fam) I have/he has no choice; por... que no quede (Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a try; hazlo, por mí que no quede — go ahead, don't let me stop you
2.
1) quedarse v pron

Sentido I

2)

a) ( en un lugar) to stay

quedarse en casa/en la cama — to stay at home/in bed

se quedaron en París/en un hotel — they stayed in Paris/in a hotel

b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl)

te estás quedando calvo — you're going bald

quédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto — relax, I'll take care of it

quedarse dormido — to fall asleep

¿te quedaste con hambre? — are you still hungry?

me quedé sin postre — I didn't get any dessert

quedarse sin trabajo — to lose one's job

quedarse soltera — to stay single

no me gusta quedarme sola en casa — I don't like being alone in the house

no te quedes ahí parado — don't just stand there!

nos quedamos charlando toda la noche — we spent the whole night chatting

se me quedó mirando — he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at me

de repente el motor se quedó — (AmL) the engine suddenly died on me

3) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) (fam) ( memorizar)

no se me quedan los nombres — I don't retain names

no se me queda nada — I don't retain a thing

b) (Andes) ( olvidarse)

se me quedó el paraguas — I left my umbrella behind

c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser)

la casa se les está quedando pequeña — the house is getting (to be) too small for them

Sentido II

4)

quedarse CON algo: se quedó con mi libro she kept my book; entre él y su mujer no sé con cuál me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wife; me quedo con éste I'll take this one; quedarse con alguien — (Esp fam) ( engañarlo) to take somebody for a ride (colloq)

* * *

= remain.

Ex: Needless to say, any errors which remain are entirely our responsibility.

* aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.

* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.

* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).

* hacer que Uno se quede dormido = put + Nombre + to sleep.

* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.

* mecer a Alguien hasta que quede dormido = rock + Nombre + to sleep.

* mente + quedarse en blanco = mind + go blank.

* mientras queden = while stocks last.

* Nombre de Lugar + quedarse chico = outgrow + Nombre de Lugar.

* no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* quedar Algo a Alguien = be left with.

* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.

* quedar atrapado = get + caught.

* quedar constatado = go on + record.

* quedar deshecho = go to + pieces.

* quedar destrozado = go to + pieces.

* quedar en segundo plano = come in + a poor second.

* quedar en suspenso = go into + abeyance.

* quedar exempto de = discharge from.

* quedar + Expresión Temporal = be + Expresión Temporal + off.

* quedar igual = remain + the same.

* quedar impactado = be impressed.

* quedar impresionado = be impressed.

* quedar impune = go + scot-free, go + scot-free, get away + scot-free.

* quedar inpune = go + unpunished.

* quedar libre = become + vacant.

* quedar mal = lose + face.

* quedar muchísimo por hacer = a great deal more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).

* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.

* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar patas arriba = flip-flop.

* quedar pendiente = remain, remain + to be done.

* quedar peor = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.

* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).

* quedar por hacer = remain + to be done.

* quedar por + Infinitivo = remain + to be + Participio.

* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.

* quedar registrado = go on + record.

* quedarse = stay, stay behind, board.

* quedarse abandonado en una isla desierta = be stranded on a desert island.

* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.

* quedarse afónico = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse al margen = stand by.

* quedarse a medias = fall (between/through) + the cracks.

* quedarse anodadado = be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse anticuado = date.

* quedarse arriba = sit on + top.

* quedarse atascado = get + stuck.

* quedarse atónito = be astonished, be bowled over, stun into + speechlessness.

* quedarse atrancado = get + stuck.

* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.

* quedarse boquiabierto = give + a gasp of, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedarse completamente atónito = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.

* quedarse con = pocket, cream off.

* quedarse con el culo al aire = come + unstuck.

* quedarse congelado = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse corto = stop + short of, fall + short, fall + short of.

* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.

* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.

* quedarse dormido = fall + asleep, doze off, nod off, drop off to + sleep, go to + sleep.

* quedarse dormido al volante = fall + asleep at the wheel.

* quedarse embarazada = become + pregnant, be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* quedarse en = stick at.

* quedarse en blanco = go + blank, mind + go blank.

* quedarse encallado = be stranded.

* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.

* quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.

* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.

* quedarse en el sitio = die + there and then.

* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant.

* quedarse en la cama hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.

* quedarse en la estacada = be left out on a limb.

* quedarse en la ignorancia = leave + Nombre + in the dark.

* quedarse en silencio = fall + silent, lapse into + silence.

* quedarse en tablas = split down the middle.

* quedarse estancado = stagnate.

* quedarse estupefacto = stun into + speechlessness, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, be speechless, be gobsmacked, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedar segundo = come off + second-best.

* quedarse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse huérfano = orphan.

* quedarse igual = be none the wiser.

* quedarse impresionado = be bowled over.

* quedarse inamovible = stay in + place.

* quedarse inmóvil = stay + still.

* quedarse levantado = stay up.

* quedarse mudo = be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse obsoleto = be overtaken by events, outgrow.

* quedarse parado = stand + still, stand by.

* quedarse pasmado = stun.

* quedarse patidifuso = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* quedarse patitieso = freeze to + death.

* quedarse pequeño = overflow.

* quedarse prendado = smite.

* quedarse prendado de = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to.

* quedarse prendado por = take + a liking to.

* quedarse preñada = become + pregnant, have + a bun in the oven.

* quedarse quieto = stand + still, stand by.

* quedarse ronco = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse sin = run + short (of), miss out on, run out of, run out.

* quedarse sin aliento = run out of + breath.

* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* quedarse sin fuelle = run out of + steam.

* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.

* quedarse sin gas = lose + steam.

* quedarse sin habla = stun into + speechlessness, be speechless, be gobsmacked.

* quedarse sin negocio = go out of + business.

* quedarse sin palabras = stun into + speechlessness, be at a loss for words, be lost for words.

* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* quedarse sin suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.

* quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* quedarse sorprendido por = be amazed by, be amazed at.

* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.

* quedarse tieso = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse tieso de frío = be frozen stiff.

* quedarse tirado = be stranded.

* quedarse varado = get + stuck, be stranded.

* quedarse viudo = widow.

* quedar sin castigo = go + unpunished.

* quedar un poco = be some way off.

* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.

* quedar vacante = become + vacant.

* quedar vacío = empty.

* que no queda bien = ill-fitting.

* que queda = surviving.

* que queda mal = ill-fitting.

* que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.

* según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.

* siempre queda una esperanza = where there's life there's hope.

* si queda tiempo = time permitting.

* todo queda en casa = all in the family.

* * *

quedar [A1 ]

vi

Sentido I

A

(en un estado, una situación): quedó viuda muy joven she was widowed o she lost her husband when she was very young

quedó huérfano a los siete años he was orphaned when he was seven years old

tuvo un ataque y quedó paralítico he had a stroke and was left paralyzed

cientos de familias quedaron sin hogar/en la miseria hundreds of families were left homeless/destitute

las calles quedaron desiertas the streets were left deserted

el sombrero quedó hecho un acordeón the hat was o got squashed flat

el coche ha quedado como nuevo the car is as good as new (now)

algunas fotos quedaron mal some of the photos came out badly

ha quedado precioso pintado de blanco it looks beautiful painted white

ha quedado acordado que … it has been agreed that …

y que esto quede bien claro and I want to make this quite clear

¿cómo quedó la cosa? ¿quién tenía razón? what happened in the end? who was right?

¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? where did we get (up) to in the last class?

¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? who was o who came first/last?

(+ me/te/le etc): no me había quedado claro y se lo pregunté otra vez I hadn't quite understood o I hadn't got things quite clear, so I asked him again

el postre te quedó riquísimo that dessert (you made) was delicious

¿quién la queda? (Ur) (en juegos) who's `it'? ( colloq)

B

(en la opinión de los demás): si no vamos, quedamos mal it'll look bad if we don't go

quedarás muy bien con ese regalo it's a lovely present, they'll be delighted

me hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso you really showed me up saying that

se emborrachó y nos hizo quedar mal a todos he got drunk and embarrassed us all

quedó en ridículo (por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; (por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool

quedar mal/bien con algn: si no voy quedaré mal con ellos they won't think much of me o it won't go down very well if I don't turn up

no se puede quedar bien con todo el mundo you can't please everybody

los invitó a todos para no quedar mal con nadie he invited them all so as not to offend anyone o to cause any offense*

C

(permanecer): quedaron en casa they stayed at home

¿queda alguien adentro? is there anyone left inside?

le quedó la cicatriz she was left with a scar

lo lavé pero le quedó la mancha I washed it but the stain didn't come out

esto no puede quedar así we can't leave/I'm not going to leave things like this

quedamos a la espera de su notificación ( frml); we await your notification ( frml)

quedo a sus gratas órdenes ( frml) ( Corresp) Sincerely yours ( AmE), Yours faithfully o ( frml) I remain, yours faithfully ( BrE)

le quedo a deber 5 euros I owe you 5 euros

quedar EN algo:

todo ha quedado en un mero proyecto none of it has got beyond the planning stage

todos nuestros planes quedaron en nada all our plans came to nothing

quedar atrás: pronto quedó atrás he soon fell behind

hemos tenido nuestras diferencias pero todo eso ha quedado atrás we've had our differences but all that's behind us now o that's all water under the bridge now

D (+ me/te/le etc)

1

«tamaño/talla»: me queda grande/largo/apretado it's too big/long/tight for me

la talla 12 le queda bien or (Col, Méx) le queda the size 12 fits (you/him) fine

2

(sentar): el azul te queda muy bien blue really suits you, you look really good in blue

ese peinado le quedaba muy bien that hairstyle really suited her, her hair looked really good like that

ese vestido te queda estupendo that dress looks fantastic on you, you look great in that dress

Sentido II

A (acordar, convenir) quedar EN algo:

quedamos en eso, vienes tú a mi casa let's do that, then, you come to my house, so that's agreed, you're coming to my house

¿al final en qué quedaron? what did you decide/arrange/agree in the end?

¿en qué quedamos? ¿lo quieres o no? well o so, do you want it or not?

¿entonces en qué quedamos? ¿nos vemos mañana o no? so, what's happening, then? are we meeting tomorrow or not?

quedar EN + INFor ( AmL) quedar DE + INF:

quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything

quedó en venir a las nueve she said she would come at nine, she arranged to come at nine

quedar EN QUE:

quedamos en que iría él a recogerlo we agreed o arranged that he would go and pick it up

B

(citarse): me tengo que ir porque he quedado con Rafael I have to go because I've arranged to meet Rafael

¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? what time/where shall we meet?

quedé con unos amigos para cenar I arranged to meet some friends for dinner, I arranged to go out for dinner with some friends

Sentido III (estar situado) to be

queda justo enfrente de la estación it's right opposite the station

(+ me/te/le etc): puedo ir yo, me queda muy cerca I can go, it's very near where I live ( o work etc)

Sentido IV ( en tercera persona)

A

1

(haber todavía): no queda café there's no coffee left

no quedan entradas there are no tickets left

sólo quedan las ruinas only the ruins remain

(+ me/te/le etc): es el único pariente que me queda he is the only relative I have left, he is my only living relative

¿te queda algo de dinero? do you have any money left?

¿te ha quedado alguna duda? is there anything you still don't understand?

me han quedado dos asignaturas (pendientes) I have to make up two subjects o take two subjects over ( AmE), I have to retake two subjects ( BrE)

no nos queda más remedio que ir we have no alternative o no choice but to go, we'll just have to go

ya no me quedan fuerzas para seguir I no longer have the strength to go on, I don't have the strength to go on any more

me queda la satisfacción de haber cumplido con mi deber I have the satisfaction of having done my duty

2 (sobrar) to be left, be left over

me comí la ensalada que había quedado del almuerzo I ate up the salad that was left (over) from lunch

el vino que quede se puede guardar para la próxima fiesta we can keep any wine that's left (over) for the next party

B

1

(faltar): quedan cinco minutos para que acabe la clase there are five minutes to go to o five minutes left to the end of the class

¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? how many kilometers are there to go?, how far is it now?

(+ me/te/le etc): todavía le quedan dos años he still has two years to go o do

¡ánimo! ¡ya te queda poco para terminar! come on! you've almost finished!

2 quedar POR + INF:

quedan tres pacientes por ver there are three more patients to be seen

aún queda gente por pagar some people haven't paid yet, some people still haven't paid

(+ me/te/le etc): aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do

no me/le queda otra ( AmL fam); I have/he has no choice

por … que no quede ( Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a try

hazlo, por mí que no quede go ahead, don't let me stop you

■ quedarse

v pron

Sentido I

A

1 (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):

te estás quedando calvo you're going bald

se quedó huérfana/sorda a los seis años she was orphaned/she went deaf when she was six years old

cuando se fue me quedé muy sola when he left I felt very lonely

me quedé helado cuando me lo dijo I was staggered when she told me

quédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto don't (you) worry about it, I'll take care of it

me quedé dormido en el sofá I fell asleep on the sofa

embarazada¹ (↑ embarazada (1))

2

quedarse con/sin algo: ¿te has quedado con hambre? are you still hungry?

me quedé sin postre I didn't get any dessert

se ha quedado sin trabajo she's out of work, she's lost her job

me quedé sin saber qué había pasado I never did find out what had happened

3

( Esp) (llegar a ser) (+ me/te/le etc): el vestido se te ha quedado corto the dress is too short on you now

la casa se les está quedando pequeña the house is getting (to be) too small for them

4 (olvidarse) (+ me/te/le etc):

se me quedó el paraguas I left my umbrella behind

B

1

(permanecer): pienso quedarme soltera I intend to stay single

no me gusta quedarme sola en casa I don't like being (left) on my own o being alone in the house

no te quedes ahí parado y haz algo don't just stand there, do something!

nos quedamos charlando toda la noche we spent the whole night chatting

se me quedó mirando he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at me

la escena se me ha quedado grabada en la memoria the scene has remained engraved o is engraved on my memory

iba para pintor pero se quedó en profesor de dibujo he set out to be a painter but he ended up as an art teacher

se quedó en la mesa de operaciones ( euf); he died on the operating table

de repente el motor se quedó ( AmL); the engine suddenly died on me

2 (en un lugar) to stay

quédate aquí stay here

me quedé a dormir en su casa I spent o stayed the night at his house

nos quedamos en un hotel/en casa de unos amigos we stayed at a hotel/with some friends

se tuvo que quedar en el hospital una semana más she had to stay o remain in (the) hospital for another week

se quedó en casa/en la cama todo el día she stayed at home/in bed all day

Sentido II

A ‹cambio/lápiz› to keep

quédatelo, yo tengo otro keep it, I have another one

quedarse CON algo:

quédate con la foto si quieres you can keep the photo o ( colloq) hang on to the photo if you want

se quedó con mi libro she kept my book, she didn't give my book back

entre él y su mujer no sé con cuál de los dos me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wife

si me lo rebaja me quedo con él if you knock something off the price, I'll take it ( colloq)

quedarse con algn ( Esp fam) (burlarse de él) to have sb on ( colloq) (engañarlo) to take sb for a ride ( colloq)

B

( Chi) «pierna/brazo» (+ me/te/le etc): quiso levantarse pero se le quedó la pierna he tried to get up but he couldn't move his leg

se le queda la pierna al caminar he drags one leg when he walks

* * *

quedar ( conjugate quedar) verbo intransitivo
1 (en un estado, una situación):
◊ quedar viudo/huérfano to be widowed/orphaned;

quedó paralítico he was left paralyzed;
el coche quedó como nuevo the car is as good as new (now);
y que esto quede bien claro and I want to make this quite clear;
¿quién quedó en primer lugar? who was o came first?
2 ( en la opinión de los demás):
◊ si no voy quedaré mal con ellos it won't go down very well o it'll look bad if I don't turn up;

lo hice para quedar bien con el jefe I did it to get in the boss's good books;
quedé muy bien con el regalo I made a very good impression with my present;
me hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso you really showed me up saying that;
nos hizo quedar mal a todos he embarrassed us all;
quedó en ridículo ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself;

( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool
3 ( permanecer):
◊ ¿queda alguien adentro? is there anyone left inside?;

le quedó la cicatriz she was left with a scar;
esto no puede quedar así we can't leave things like this;
nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing;
quedar atrás [ persona] to fall behind;

[rencillas/problemas] to be in the past
4 (+ me/te/le etc)
a) [tamaño/talla]:

◊ me queda largo it's too long for me;

la talla 12 le queda bien the size 12 fits (you/him) fine
b) ( sentar):

◊ el azul le queda bien/mal blue suits her/doesn't suit her

a) (acordar, convenir):

◊ ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?;

¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?;
quedaron en or (AmL) de no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything;
quedó en or (AmL) de venir a las nueve she said she would come at nine
b) ( citarse):

◊ ¿a qué hora quedamos? what time shall we meet?;

quedé con unos amigos para cenar I arranged to meet some friends for dinner
( estar situado) to be;
◊ queda justo entrente de la estación it's right opposite the station;

me queda muy lejos it's very far from where I live (o work etc)
(en 3a pers)
1
a) ( haber todavía) to be left;

◊ ¿te queda algo de dinero? do you have any money left?;

¿queda café? is there any coffee left?;
solo quedan las ruinas only the ruins remain;
no nos queda más remedio que ir we have no choice but to go
b) ( sobrar) [comida/vino] to be left (over)

2 ( faltar):
◊ queda poco para que acabe la clase it's not long till the end of the class;

¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? how many kilometers are there to go?;
todavía le quedan dos años he still has two years to go o do;
queda mucho por ver there is still a lot to see;
aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do;
no me/le queda otra (fam) I have/he has no choice
quedarse verbo pronominal
1
a) (en un lugar, país) to stay;

◊ quedarse en la cama to stay in bed

b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):

◊ te estás quedando calvo you're going bald;

quedarse dormido to fall asleep;
quedarse sin trabajo to lose one's job
2 (+ me/te/le etc)
a) ( permanecer):

◊ quedarse soltera to stay single;

no me gusta quedarme sola en casa I don't like being alone in the house;
no te quedes ahí parado don't just stand there!;
nos quedamos charlando hasta tarde we went on chatting until late in the evening;
se me quedó mirando he sat/stood there staring at me;
de repente el motor se quedó (AmL) the engine suddenly died on me
b) (Andes) ( olvidarse):

◊ se me quedó el paraguas I left my umbrella behind

c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser):

◊ la casa se les está quedando pequeña the house is getting (to be) too small for them

‹cambio/lápiz› to keep;
◊ se quedó con mi libro she kept my book;

me quedo con este I'll take this one
quedar verbo intransitivo
1 (en un estado) quedar bien, (una persona) to make a good impression
(un objeto) to look nice
quedar en ridículo, to make a fool of oneself
2 (en un lugar) to be: mi casa no queda lejos, my house is not far from here
3 (sobrar) to be left: ¿queda más té?, is there any tea left?
4 (faltar) (tiempo) to go: quedan dos días para las vacaciones, there are two days to go till the holidays
5 (convenir) to agree: quedamos en ir al cine, we agreed to go to the cinema
6 (citarse) to meet: quedaré con mi hermana, I'll arrange to meet my sister
7 (una ropa, un peinado, etc) to suit: te queda grande, it's too big for you
' quedar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
betún
- cumplir
- descolgarse
- embarazarse
- enmudecer
- estar
- lucirse
- restar
- sobrar
- sopa
- venir
- aire
- aislado
- anillo
- bailar
- calle
- constar
- descubierto
- desmano
- enganchar
- faltar
- lejísimos
- manifiesto
- mano
- rezagado
- tabla
English:
air
- appal
- appall
- arrange
- date
- egg
- fit
- flu
- gasp
- go
- leave
- lie
- long
- meet
- one-upmanship
- remain
- rest
- side
- smoke
- stand
- stand about
- stand around
- agree
- alternatively
- catch
- come
- get
- keep
- narrow
- out
- over
- place
- remand
- runner
- scar
- scot-free
- show
- strand
- unpunished
- water
- widow

* * *

quedar

♦ vi

1. [permanecer] to remain, to stay;

nuestros problemas quedaron sin resolver our problems remained unsolved;

los tipos de interés han quedado al mismo nivel interest rates have stayed o remained at the same level;

no le quedaron secuelas del accidente he suffered no after-effects from the accident;
Andes, RP
en el apuro, quedaron los abrigos the coats got left behind o forgotten in the rush;

quedo a su entera disposición para cualquier consulta [en cartas] I am available to answer any enquiries you may have;

todo quedó en un buen susto she suffered nothing worse than a shock;

el viaje quedó en proyecto the trip never got beyond the planning stage;

¡esto no puede o [m5] no va a quedar así! I'm not going to let it rest at this!;

todos nuestros problemas han quedado atrás all our problems are behind us now

2. [haber aún] to be left, to remain;

¿queda azúcar? is there any sugar left?;

no queda azúcar there isn't any sugar left;

no nos queda leche we're out of milk;

queda gente dentro haciendo el examen there are still some people left inside doing the exam;

queda poco del casco antiguo de la ciudad little remains of the old part of the city;

nos quedan 50 pesos we have 50 pesos left;

lo que quede dáselo al perro give whatever's left over to the dog;

no me quedan ganas de seguir hablando I don't feel like talking any more;

me queda la esperanza de volver algún día I can only hope that one day I will return;

Comp
Am
no queda otra there's nothing else for it;

voy a tener que vender el auto para pagar las cuentas, no queda otra I'm going to have to sell the car to pay the bills, there's nothing else for it

3. [faltar]
¿cuánto queda para Buenos Aires? how much further is it to Buenos Aires?;

quedan dos vueltas para que termine la carrera there are two laps to go until the end of the race;

queda poco/un mes para las vacaciones there's not long to go/there's a month to go until the holidays, it's not long/it's a month until the holidays;

queda mucho para mi cumpleaños my birthday's a long way off;

me quedan dos días para terminar el trabajo I have two days (left) to finish the work;

sólo me queda despedirme hasta la próxima semana all that remains is for me to say goodbye until next week;

quedar por hacer to remain to be done;

queda por fregar el suelo the floor has still to be cleaned;

nos quedan bastantes sitios por visitar we still have quite a lot of places to visit

4. [mostrarse, dar cierta imagen]
quedar bien/mal (con alguien) to make a good/bad impression (on sb);

le gusta quedar bien con todo el mundo he likes to keep everyone happy;

quedaste estupendamente trayendo flores you made a very good impression by bringing flowers;

voy a quedar fatal si no voy it'll look really bad if I don't go;

no me hagas quedar mal don't show me up;

quedaste como un mentiroso you ended up looking like o you came across like a liar;

quedó como un idiota he ended up o he was left looking stupid

5. [resultar]
el trabajo ha quedado perfecto the job turned out perfectly;

el cuadro queda muy bien ahí the picture looks great there;

el salón os ha quedado muy bonito the living-room has turned out lovely, you've made a great job of the living-room;

quedar claro to be clear;

no quiero que llegues después de las once, ¿queda claro? I don't want you back later than eleven, is that clear?;

quedar en [llegar, acabar] to end in;

quedar en quinto lugar, quedar el quinto to come fifth;

quedar en nada to come to nothing;
RP Fam
quedamos en veremos we left it open

6. [sentar]
te queda un poco corto el traje your suit is a bit too short;

esta falda me queda un poco justa this skirt is a bit tight;

¡qué bien te queda ese traje! that dress really suits you!, you look great in that dress!;

esa camisa te queda mal that shirt doesn't suit you;

¿te quedan bien los zapatos? do the shoes fit you?;

quedar bien/mal con algo to go well/badly with sth;
Méx
este pantalón no me queda these Br trousers o US pants don't suit me;
Méx
esas cortinas le quedan mal al salón those curtains don't go well in the living-room

7. [citarse]
quedar (con alguien) to arrange to meet (sb);

¿cuándo/dónde quedamos? when/where shall we meet?;

hemos quedado el lunes we've arranged to meet on Monday;

he quedado con Juan para jugar al tenis I've arranged to play tennis with Juan

8. [acordar]
quedar en algo to agree on sth;

quedar en o Am [m5] de hacer algo to agree to do sth;

¿en qué has quedado? what have you decided to do?;

quedar en que… to agree that…;

quedé con ellos en que iría I told them I'd go;

¿en qué quedamos? what's it to be, then?

9. [estar situado] to be;

queda por las afueras it's somewhere on the outskirts;

¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?

10. [asignatura]
me queda el inglés de primero I still haven't passed first-year English;

¿cuántas te han quedado? how many subjects from last year do you have to resit this year?

♦ vt
RP Fam
quedarla: no apuestes todo a una sola posibilidad porque si no sale, la quedás don't put all your eggs in one basket because if it doesn't work out, you've had it;

¿quién la queda? [en juego] who's counting?

♦ v impersonal

por mí que no quede don't let me be the one to stop you;

que no quede por falta de dinero we don't want it to fall through for lack of money;

por probar que no quede we should at least try it

♦ See also the pronominal verb quedarse

* * *

quedar

v/i

1 ( permanecer) stay;

esto queda entre nosotros this is just between us;

quedar cerca be nearby

2 en un estado be;

quedó sin resolver it remained unresolved, it wasn’t sorted out;

¿cómo quedó? how did it end up?;

queda por hacer it still has o needs to be done

3 ( sentar)

:

te queda bien/mal de estilo it suits you/doesn’t suit you; de talla it fits you/doesn’t fit you

4 ( sobrar) be left;

¿queda mucho tiempo? is there much time left?;

no queda nada de tiempo time’s almost up; distancia it’s not far now

5 ( encontrarse)

:

quedar con alguien fam arrange to meet (with) s.o.;

¿dónde habíamos quedado? where had we arranged to meet?

6 ( acordar)

:

quedar en algo agree to sth;

¿en qué quedamos? what did we agree?

7

:

por mí que no quede it’s fine by me

* * *

quedar vi

1) permanecer: to remain, to stay

2) : to be

quedamos contentos con las mejoras: we were pleased with the improvements

3) : to be situated

queda muy lejos: it's very far, it's too far away

4) : to be left

quedan sólo dos alternativas: there are only two options left

5) : to fit, to suit

estos zapatos no me quedan: these shoes don't fit

6)

quedar bien (mal) : to turn out well (badly)

7)

quedar en : to agree, to arrange

¿en qué quedamos?: what's the arrangement, then?

♦ See also the reflexive verb quedarse

* * *

quedar vb

1. (haber) to be left

queda un poco de jamón there's a bit of ham left

¿quedan cebollas? are there any onions left?

2. (permanecer) to remain

aún quedan las murallas romanas the Roman walls still remain

3. (tener) to have left

me quedan mil pesetas I've got a thousand pesetas left

4. (faltar) to have to do

aún me quedan los deberes de inglés I've still got to do my English homework

5. (distancia, tiempo)

quedan todavía 10 kilómetros there are still 10 kilometres to go

queda un mes para las vacaciones it's one month till the holidays

6. (resultar) to be

el partido quedó en empate the match was a draw

las flores quedaron destrozadas the flowers were ruined

7. (estar) to be

quedó tranquila al saber la noticia she was relieved to hear the news

me quedé parada I was shocked

¿dónde queda la estación? where's the station?

ese pantalón te queda pequeño those trousers are too small for you

8. (citarse) to meet [pt. & pp. met]

¿a qué hora quedamos? what time shall we meet?

he quedado con Ana I've arranged to meet Ana

9. (ponerse de acuerdo) to agree

habíamos quedado en que me vendrías a buscar we agreed that you'd come and meet me

10. (sentar bien ropa) to suit

ese sombrero te queda bien that hat suits you

quedar bien to make a good impression

quedó muy bien en la entrevista he made a good impression in the interview

quedar mal to make a bad impression

Spanish-English dictionary > quedar
6 retirar

v.

1 to remove.

me ha retirado el saludo he's not speaking to me

2 to force to retire (jubilar) (a deportista).

una lesión lo retiró de la alta competición an injury forced him to retire from top-flight competition

3 to pick up, to collect.

puede pasar a retirar sus fotos el jueves you can pick your photos up o collect your photos on Thursday

4 to take back (retractarse de).

¡retira eso que o lo que dijiste! take that back!, take back what you said!

5 to withdraw, to draw off, to draw out, to retire.

Retiramos nuestro dinero We withdrew our money.

6 to call in, to call back.

La fábrica retiró diez piezas malas The factory called in ten damaged units.

* * *

retirar

► verbo transitivo

1 (apartar - gen) to take away, remove; (- un mueble) to move away

2 (un carnet) to take away

3 (algo dicho) to take back

4 (dinero, ley, moneda) to withdraw

5 (jubilar) to retire

► verbo pronominal retirarse

1 MILITAR to retreat, withdraw

2 (apartarse del mundo) to go into seclusion

3 (apartarse) to withdraw, draw back, move back

■ retírate, no veo move back, I can't see

4 (alejarse) to move away

■ retírate de la ventana, te van a ver move away from the window, they'll see you

5 (marcharse) to leave

■ cuando acabó, se retiró when he finished, he left

6 (irse a descansar) to retire

■ se retiró a su habitación she retired to her bedroom

7 (jubilarse) to retire

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

no se retire (al teléfono) hold on, don't hang up

* * *

verb

1) to take away, remove

2) withdraw

•

- retirarse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ acusación, apoyo, subvención] to withdraw; [+ demanda] to withdraw, take back

han retirado su apoyo al Gobierno — they have withdrawn their support for the Government

les retiraron las subvenciones — they had their subsidies taken away o withdrawn

retiró su candidatura a la Presidencia — he stood down from the presidential election, he withdrew his candidacy for the presidency

la mayoría del electorado le ha retirado la confianza — he has lost the confidence o trust of the majority of the electorate

retirar la palabra a algn — to stop speaking to sb

retirar el saludo a algn — to stop saying hello to sb

2) [+ moneda, sello] to withdraw (from circulation); [+ autobús, avión] to withdraw (from service)

estos aviones serán retirados de o del servicio — these planes are to be withdrawn from service

el producto fue retirado del mercado — the product was withdrawn from the market o taken off the market

3) [+ permiso, carnet, pasaporte] to withdraw, take away

le han retirado el permiso de conducir — he's had his driving licence taken away

4) [+ dinero] to withdraw

fui a retirar dinero de la cuenta — I went to withdraw some money from my account

5) [+ tropas] to withdraw; [+ embajador] to recall, withdraw; [+ atleta, caballo] to withdraw, scratch

6) (=quitar) to take away, remove

la camarera retiró las copas — the waitress took the glasses away

le retiraron todos los objetos afilados de la celda — all sharp objects were removed from his cell

7) [+ cabeza, cara] to pull back, pull away; [+ mano] to draw back, withdraw; [+ tentáculo] to draw in

8) (=jubilar) to retire, pension off

2.

See:

retirarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( quitar) to remove, take away; ( apartar) to move away

retíralo de ahí un poco — move it a bit further away from there

retiró la cacerola del fuego — he removed the saucepan from the heat, he took the saucepan off the heat

el autobús fue retirado del servicio — the bus was withdrawn from service

retirar de la circulación — to withdraw from circulation

b) <cabeza/mano> to pull... back

retiré la mano de la bolsa — I took my hand out of the bag

c) <embajador/tropas> to withdraw, pull out

d) < jugador> to take off, pull... out of the game; <corredor/ciclista> to withdraw, pull out

e) (+ me/te/le etc) < apoyo> to withdraw; <pasaporte/carnet> to withdraw, take away

me retiró la palabra — she stopped speaking to me

2) <afirmaciones/propuesta> to withdraw

retiro lo dicho — I take back what I said

3)

a) (de cuenta, fondo) < dinero> to withdraw

b) ( recoger) <carnet/entradas> to collect
2.
retirarse v pron

1)

a) ( apartarse) to move back o away; ( irse) to leave, withdraw

cuando las aguas se retiraron — when the waters receded

b) ejército/tropas to withdraw, pull out

c) ( irse a dormir) to go to bed, retire (frml)

2) ( jubilarse) to retire; ( de actividad) to withdraw

se retiró de la carrera — ( antes de iniciarse) he pulled out of o withdrew from the race; ( una vez iniciada) he pulled out of o retired from the race

* * *

= pick up, withdraw, retire, take back, perfect, revoke, haul away.

Ex. Then these suggestion can be picked up by the editor, and communicated to the author.

Ex. Thus, all cards corresponding to documents covering 'Curricula' are withdrawn from the pack.

Ex. This article stresses the importance for libraries of making current informationav ailable on AIDS, and of retiring out-of-date information on the subject.

Ex. These are some of the questions the librarian may have to answer: 'Can you recommend a baby-sitter I can trust?', 'How can I stop the hire-purchase company taking back my furniture?', 'Which is the best shoe repairer's in the neighbourhood?'.

Ex. Even the fully-developed rotary, which soon included devices for cutting and folding the paper as well as for printing and perfecting it, remained fundamentally simple.

Ex. I would think that we would still charge for lost and damaged books and that we would revoke borrowing privileges of chronic offenders, or whatever we decide to call them.

Ex. City workers carried out orders to burn some of the library books, while others were buried with the aid of a bulldozer; the remaining books were loaded on trucks and hauled away to trash dumps on the outskirts of the city.

----

* retirar del mercado = withdraw from + sale, take off + the market.

* retirar dinero = withdraw + cash.

* retirar paulatinamente = phase out.

* retirarse = retreat, pull back, bow out, draw back, stand down, back out, walk out.

* retirarse a los aposientos de Uno = retire + at night.

* retirarse (de) = pull out of, pull away (from).

* retirarse por cobardía = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).

* retirarse por miedo = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).

* retirar una acusación = drop + a charge.

* retirar una propuesta = withdraw + proposal.

* retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.

* sin retirar = uncleared, uncollected.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( quitar) to remove, take away; ( apartar) to move away

retíralo de ahí un poco — move it a bit further away from there

retiró la cacerola del fuego — he removed the saucepan from the heat, he took the saucepan off the heat

el autobús fue retirado del servicio — the bus was withdrawn from service

retirar de la circulación — to withdraw from circulation

b) <cabeza/mano> to pull... back

retiré la mano de la bolsa — I took my hand out of the bag

c) <embajador/tropas> to withdraw, pull out

d) < jugador> to take off, pull... out of the game; <corredor/ciclista> to withdraw, pull out

e) (+ me/te/le etc) < apoyo> to withdraw; <pasaporte/carnet> to withdraw, take away

me retiró la palabra — she stopped speaking to me

2) <afirmaciones/propuesta> to withdraw

retiro lo dicho — I take back what I said

3)

a) (de cuenta, fondo) < dinero> to withdraw

b) ( recoger) <carnet/entradas> to collect
2.
retirarse v pron

1)

a) ( apartarse) to move back o away; ( irse) to leave, withdraw

cuando las aguas se retiraron — when the waters receded

b) ejército/tropas to withdraw, pull out

c) ( irse a dormir) to go to bed, retire (frml)

2) ( jubilarse) to retire; ( de actividad) to withdraw

se retiró de la carrera — ( antes de iniciarse) he pulled out of o withdrew from the race; ( una vez iniciada) he pulled out of o retired from the race

* * *

= pick up, withdraw, retire, take back, perfect, revoke, haul away.

Ex: Then these suggestion can be picked up by the editor, and communicated to the author.

Ex: Thus, all cards corresponding to documents covering 'Curricula' are withdrawn from the pack.

Ex: This article stresses the importance for libraries of making current informationav ailable on AIDS, and of retiring out-of-date information on the subject.

Ex: These are some of the questions the librarian may have to answer: 'Can you recommend a baby-sitter I can trust?', 'How can I stop the hire-purchase company taking back my furniture?', 'Which is the best shoe repairer's in the neighbourhood?'.

Ex: Even the fully-developed rotary, which soon included devices for cutting and folding the paper as well as for printing and perfecting it, remained fundamentally simple.

Ex: I would think that we would still charge for lost and damaged books and that we would revoke borrowing privileges of chronic offenders, or whatever we decide to call them.

Ex: City workers carried out orders to burn some of the library books, while others were buried with the aid of a bulldozer; the remaining books were loaded on trucks and hauled away to trash dumps on the outskirts of the city.

* retirar del mercado = withdraw from + sale, take off + the market.

* retirar dinero = withdraw + cash.

* retirar paulatinamente = phase out.

* retirarse = retreat, pull back, bow out, draw back, stand down, back out, walk out.

* retirarse a los aposientos de Uno = retire + at night.

* retirarse (de) = pull out of, pull away (from).

* retirarse por cobardía = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).

* retirarse por miedo = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).

* retirar una acusación = drop + a charge.

* retirar una propuesta = withdraw + proposal.

* retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.

* sin retirar = uncleared, uncollected.

* * *

retirar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 (quitar) to remove, take away; (apartar) to move o take away

retiraron las sillas para que pudiéramos bailar they moved o took away the chairs so that we could dance

el camarero retiró los platos the waiter took o cleared the plates away

retiraron los dos vehículos accidentados the two vehicles involved in the accident were moved out of the way o were removed

los vehículos mal estacionados serán retirados badly-parked vehicles will be towed (away) o removed

sin retirar la tapadera without taking off o removing the lid

retiraremos a nuestro embajador we shall recall o withdraw our ambassador

retirar algo DE algo:

retíralo de la chimenea un poco move it back from the fireplace a little, move it a bit further away from the fire

retiró la cacerola del fuego he removed the saucepan from the heat, he took the saucepan off the heat

retiraron los tres coches de la calzada the three cars were removed from o moved off the road

el autobús tuvo que ser retirado del servicio the bus had to be withdrawn from service

retiró el ejército de la frontera he withdrew the army from the border

serán retirados de la circulación they will be withdrawn from circulation

2 ‹cabeza/mano›

en el último momento retiró la cabeza at the last moment she pulled her head back o away

no intentes retirar la mano don't try to pull your hand back ( o out etc), don't try to remove o withdraw your hand

retirar algo DE algo:

retiré la mano de la bolsa I took my hand out of the bag, I removed o withdrew my hand from the bag

3 «entrenador» ‹jugador› to take off, pull … out of the game; ‹corredor/ciclista› to withdraw, pull out

4 (+ me/te/le etc) ‹apoyo› to withdraw; ‹pasaporte/carnet› to withdraw, take away

me retiró el saludo/la palabra she stopped saying hello to me/speaking to me

B ‹afirmaciones/acusación› to withdraw; ‹candidatura/propuesta› to withdraw

retiro lo dicho I take back o withdraw what I said

C

1 (de una cuenta, un fondo) ‹dinero› to withdraw

2 (recoger) ‹certificado/carnet/entradas› to collect

■ retirarse

v pron

A

1 (apartarse) to move back o away; (irse) to leave, withdraw

me retiré de la puerta para dejarle paso I moved back from o away from o I stood back from the door to let him through

puede retirarse you may go o ( frml) withdraw

el ejército se retiró de la zona the army withdrew from o pulled out of the area

se retiró a un convento he retired o withdrew to a monastery

cuando las aguas se retiraron when the waters receded o retreated

2 (irse a dormir) to go to bed, retire ( frml)

B

1 (jubilarse) to retire

2 (de una actividad) to withdraw

se retiró una semana antes de la votación he withdrew one week before the vote

se retiró de la vida pública she retired o withdrew from public life

se retiró de la carrera/competición (antes de iniciarse) he pulled out of o withdrew from the race/competition; (una vez iniciada) he pulled out of o retired from the race/competition

* * *

retirar ( conjugate retirar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( quitar) to remove, take away;

( apartar) to move away;
◊ retiró la cacerola del fuego he removed the saucepan from the heat;

retirar de la circulación to withdraw from circulation
b) ‹cabeza/mano› to pull … back

c) ‹embajador/tropas› to withdraw, pull out

d) (+ me/te/le etc) ‹ apoyo› to withdraw;

‹pasaporte/carnet› to withdraw, take away
2 ‹afirmaciones/propuesta› to withdraw;
◊ retiro lo dicho I take back what I said

3 ( de cuenta) ‹ dinero› to withdraw
retirarse verbo pronominal
1
a) ( apartarse) to move back o away;

( irse) to leave, withdraw
b) [ejército/tropas] to withdraw, pull out

c) ( irse a dormir) to go to bed, retire (frml)

2 ( jubilarse) to retire;
( de competición — antes de iniciarse) to withdraw, pull out;
(— una vez iniciada) to pull out
retirar verbo transitivo
1 (de un lugar) to remove, move away: ya hemos retirado todos los muebles, we've already removed all of the furniture
2 (de una actividad) to retire from
3 (una ayuda, dinero) to withdraw
4 (un comentario) to take back: espero que retires esas palabras, I hope you take back those words
5 (el pasaporte, carné) to take away
' retirar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
quitar
- saludo
- desautorizar
- sacar
English:
draw back
- ex
- ground
- ill health
- phase
- pull out
- recall
- retire
- retract
- take back
- take out
- withdraw
- call
- disengage
- drop
- pull
- reclaim
- take

* * *

retirar

♦ vt

1. [quitar, sacar] to remove (a from); [moneda, producto] to withdraw (de from); [carné, pasaporte] to take away (a from); [ayuda, subvención, apoyo] to withdraw (a from); [ejército, tropas] to withdraw (de from); [embajador] to withdraw, to recall (de from);
retirar dinero del banco/de la cuenta to withdraw money from the bank/one's account;

el entrenador retiró a Claudio del terreno de juego/del equipo the manager took Claudio off/left Claudio out of the team;

me ha retirado el saludo she's not speaking to me

2. [apartar, quitar de en medio] [objeto] to move away;
[nieve] to clear; [mano] to withdraw;
habrá que retirar ese armario de ahí we'll have to move that wardrobe (away) from there;

retira el dedo o te cortarás move your finger back or you'll cut yourself

3. [recoger, llevarse] to pick up, to collect;

puede pasar a retirar sus fotos el jueves you can pick your photos up o collect your photos on Thursday

4. [retractarse de] [insultos, acusaciones, afirmaciones] to take back;
[denuncia] to drop;
¡retira eso que o [m5] lo que dijiste! take that back!, take back what you said!

5. [jubilar] [a empleado] to retire;

una lesión lo retiró de la alta competición an injury forced him to retire from top-flight competition

♦ See also the pronominal verb retirarse

* * *

retirar

v/t silla, obstáculo take away, remove; acusación, dinero withdraw

* * *

retirar vt

1) : to remove, to take away, to recall

2) : to withdraw, to take out

♦ See also the reflexive verb retirarse

* * *

retirar vb

1. (en general) to withdraw [pt. withdrew; pp. withdrawn]

le han retirado el pasaporte his passport has been withdrawn

retiró todo su dinero del banco he withdrew all his money from the bank

retiró la denuncia she withdrew the complaint

retira la olla del fuego remove the pan from the heat

2. (acusación, palabras) to take back [pt. took; pp. taken]

retiro lo dicho I take back what I said

Spanish-English dictionary > retirar
7 raro

adj.

1 unusual, curious, rare, out of the common.

2 strange, odd, queer, far-out.

3 unfamiliar.

* * *

raro

► adjetivo

1 (poco común) rare

2 (escaso) scarce, rare

■ son raras las personas que saben apreciarlo very few people can appreciate it

3 (peculiar) odd, strange, weird

■ últimamente la encuentro rara I think she's been acting a little strange recently

4 (excelente) excellent

■ escribió un libro raro, una verdadera obra de arte she wrote a very good book, a real work of art

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¡qué raro! how odd!, that's strange!

rara vez seldom

■ rara vez aparece por aquí she rarely shows her face around here

* * *

(f. - rara)

adj.

1) rare, uncommon, unusual, funny

2) bizarre, weird

3) odd

•

- rara vez

* * *

ADJ

1) (=extraño) strange, odd

es un hombre muy raro — he's a very strange o odd man

es raro que no haya llamado — it's strange o odd that he hasn't called

¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara! — how (very) strange!, how (very) odd!

2) (=poco común) rare

una especie muy rara — a very rare species

con alguna rara excepción — with few o rare exceptions

de rara perfección — of rare perfection, of remarkable perfection

rara vez nos visita, rara es la vez que nos visita — he rarely visits us

3) (Fís) rare, rarefied

* * *

- ra adjetivo

1)

a) ( extraño) strange, odd, funny (colloq)

es raro que... — it's strange o odd o funny that...

qué cosa más rara! or qué raro! — how odd o strange!

es un poco rara — she's a bit odd o strange

te noto muy raro hoy — you're acting very strangely today; ver bicho 2)

b) ( poco frecuente) rare

salvo raras excepciones — with a few rare exceptions

raro es el día que... — there's rarely o hardly a day when...

aquí es raro que nieve — it's very unusual o rare for it to snow here

2) < gas> rare

* * *

= bizarre, queer, rare, unusual, eccentric, odd, uncommon, untoward, weird [weirder -comp., weirdest -sup.], awry, funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.], outlandish, freaky [freakier -comp., freakiest -sup.], uncanny, cranky [crankier -comp., crankiest -sup.], kinky [kinkier -comp., kinkiest -sup.], flaky [flakey], freakish, quirky [quirkier -comp., quirkiest -sup.].

Ex. Some of them will be sufficiently bizarre to suit the most fastidious connoisseur of the present artifacts of civilization.

Ex. Several years later, his talk with a friend turns to the queer ways in which a people resist innovations, even of vital interest.

Ex. In practice critical abstracts are rare, and certainly do not usually feature in published secondary services.

Ex. If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex. School classrooms are sometimes extraordinarily badly designed with poor acoustics, ineffective blackout facilities, and notoriously eccentric electrical outlets.

Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex. Early woodcut initials, coats of arms, etc., were sometimes made from wood cut across the grain, but the use of end-grain blocks remained uncommon until the later eighteenth century.

Ex. Perhaps, he questioned himself, this is the way every principal operates, and there is nothing untoward in it.

Ex. This paper surveys some of the more weird World Wide Web sites.

Ex. Could she not have detected that something in his behavior was awry?.

Ex. The article 'What's that funny noise? Videogames in the library' explains how videogames have attracted many young irregular library users who may, in time, extend their attention to other library facilities.

Ex. This book discusses some of the most outlandish myths and fantastic realities of medical history.

Ex. This film is really just a series of throwaway skits that the director and scriptwriter attempt to lard with parody and freaky fantasy.

Ex. Surrealism is an art concerned not with love and liberation but with the uncanny, the compulsion to repeat, and the drive toward death.

Ex. For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.

Ex. However, those desiring something off-the-wall, borderline kinky, and just plain mad might appreciate the novel.

Ex. Children who were in some way different were excused from family responsibilities in childhood because they were, for example, 'spoiled,' a 'problem child,' or ' flaky'.

Ex. 1816 was one of several years during the 1810s in which numerous crops failed during freakish summer cold snaps after volcanic eruptions that reduced incoming sunlight.

Ex. 'Why are barns frequently painted red?' -- These are the curious, slightly bizarre and somewhat quirky kinds of questions librarians deal with.

----

* aunque parezca raro = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* bicho raro = rare bird, odd bird, odd fish, freak of nature, rare breed, weirdo, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geek, nerd, geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].

* colección de libros raros = rare book collection.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de manera rara = oddly, funnily.

* demasiado raro = all too rare.

* de modo raro = funnily.

* de una manera rara = strangely.

* de un modo raro = freakishly.

* edición rara = rare edition.

* en casos raros = in rare cases.

* enfermedad rara = rare disease.

* en raras ocasiones = in rare cases.

* en raros casos = in rare cases.

* especie rara = rare breed.

* haber algo raro con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* libro raro = rare book.

* muy rara vez = all too seldom, once in a blue moon.

* parecer raro = sound + odd.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* ¡qué raro! = how strange!.

* rara vez = infrequently, rarely, seldom, uncommonly, on rare occasions.

* sala de libros raros = rare book room.

* salvo raras excepciones = with rare exceptions.

* ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.

* * *

- ra adjetivo

1)

a) ( extraño) strange, odd, funny (colloq)

es raro que... — it's strange o odd o funny that...

qué cosa más rara! or qué raro! — how odd o strange!

es un poco rara — she's a bit odd o strange

te noto muy raro hoy — you're acting very strangely today; ver bicho 2)

b) ( poco frecuente) rare

salvo raras excepciones — with a few rare exceptions

raro es el día que... — there's rarely o hardly a day when...

aquí es raro que nieve — it's very unusual o rare for it to snow here

2) < gas> rare

* * *

= bizarre, queer, rare, unusual, eccentric, odd, uncommon, untoward, weird [weirder -comp., weirdest -sup.], awry, funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.], outlandish, freaky [freakier -comp., freakiest -sup.], uncanny, cranky [crankier -comp., crankiest -sup.], kinky [kinkier -comp., kinkiest -sup.], flaky [flakey], freakish, quirky [quirkier -comp., quirkiest -sup.].

Ex: Some of them will be sufficiently bizarre to suit the most fastidious connoisseur of the present artifacts of civilization.

Ex: Several years later, his talk with a friend turns to the queer ways in which a people resist innovations, even of vital interest.

Ex: In practice critical abstracts are rare, and certainly do not usually feature in published secondary services.

Ex: If the book has an unusual shape then both the height and the width of the book will be given.

Ex: School classrooms are sometimes extraordinarily badly designed with poor acoustics, ineffective blackout facilities, and notoriously eccentric electrical outlets.

Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex: Early woodcut initials, coats of arms, etc., were sometimes made from wood cut across the grain, but the use of end-grain blocks remained uncommon until the later eighteenth century.

Ex: Perhaps, he questioned himself, this is the way every principal operates, and there is nothing untoward in it.

Ex: This paper surveys some of the more weird World Wide Web sites.

Ex: Could she not have detected that something in his behavior was awry?.

Ex: The article 'What's that funny noise? Videogames in the library' explains how videogames have attracted many young irregular library users who may, in time, extend their attention to other library facilities.

Ex: This book discusses some of the most outlandish myths and fantastic realities of medical history.

Ex: This film is really just a series of throwaway skits that the director and scriptwriter attempt to lard with parody and freaky fantasy.

Ex: Surrealism is an art concerned not with love and liberation but with the uncanny, the compulsion to repeat, and the drive toward death.

Ex: For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.

Ex: However, those desiring something off-the-wall, borderline kinky, and just plain mad might appreciate the novel.

Ex: Children who were in some way different were excused from family responsibilities in childhood because they were, for example, 'spoiled,' a 'problem child,' or ' flaky'.

Ex: 1816 was one of several years during the 1810s in which numerous crops failed during freakish summer cold snaps after volcanic eruptions that reduced incoming sunlight.

Ex: 'Why are barns frequently painted red?' -- These are the curious, slightly bizarre and somewhat quirky kinds of questions librarians deal with.

* aunque parezca raro = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* bicho raro = rare bird, odd bird, odd fish, freak of nature, rare breed, weirdo, nerdy [nerdier -comp., nerdiest -sup.], geek, nerd, geeky [geekier -comp., geekiest -sup.].

* colección de libros raros = rare book collection.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de manera rara = oddly, funnily.

* demasiado raro = all too rare.

* de modo raro = funnily.

* de una manera rara = strangely.

* de un modo raro = freakishly.

* edición rara = rare edition.

* en casos raros = in rare cases.

* enfermedad rara = rare disease.

* en raras ocasiones = in rare cases.

* en raros casos = in rare cases.

* especie rara = rare breed.

* haber algo raro con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* Ley de los Medicamentos Raros, la = Orphan Drug Act, the.

* libro raro = rare book.

* muy rara vez = all too seldom, once in a blue moon.

* parecer raro = sound + odd.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* ¡qué raro! = how strange!.

* rara vez = infrequently, rarely, seldom, uncommonly, on rare occasions.

* sala de libros raros = rare book room.

* salvo raras excepciones = with rare exceptions.

* ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.

* * *

raro -ra

adjective

A

1 (extraño) strange, odd, funny ( colloq)

es raro que aún no haya venido it's strange o odd o funny that he hasn't come yet

ya me parecía raro que no salieras I thought it was a bit strange o odd you weren't going out

¡qué cosa más rara! or ¡qué raro! how odd o strange o funny o peculiar!

me siento raro en este ambiente I feel strange o funny in these surroundings

es un poco rarilla she's a bit odd o strange o funny o peculiar

¿qué te pasa hoy? te noto/estás muy raro what's up with you today? you're acting very strangely

me miró como si fuera un bicho raro ( fam); he looked at me as if I was some kind of weirdo ( colloq)

¡qué tipo más raro! what a strange o peculiar o funny man!

2 (poco frecuente, común) rare

salvo raras excepciones with a few rare exceptions

raro es el día que no sale there's rarely o hardly a day when she doesn't go out

aquí es raro que nieve it rarely o seldom snows here, it's very unusual o rare for it to snow here

B ‹gas› rare

* * *

raro
◊ -ra adjetivo

a) ( extraño) strange, odd, funny (colloq);

◊ es raro que … it's strange o odd o funny that …;

¡qué raro! how odd o strange!;
te noto muy raro hoy you're acting very strangely today
b) ( poco frecuente) rare;

◊ salvo raras excepciones with a few rare exceptions;

aquí es raro que nieve it's very unusual o rare for it to snow here
raro,-a adjetivo
1 (no frecuente) rare: es raro que no llame, it's unusual for her not to telephone
2 (poco común) odd, strange: ¡qué sombrero más raro!, what a weird hat!
tiene un raro sentido del humor, he's got a warped sense of humour
♦ Locuciones: Paco es un bicho raro, Paco is a weirdo
' raro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bicho
- chocante
- disgustar
- individuo
- particular
- peculiar
- rara
- singular
- tipo
- artefacto
- extraño
- gusto
- olor
- sonar
English:
flaky
- funny
- most
- odd
- odd-looking
- oddbod
- oddity
- odor
- odour
- peculiar
- queer
- rare
- set-up
- should
- strange
- strangely
- unlikely
- unusual
- weird
- for
- how
- incongruous
- like
- oddball
- seem
- strike
- uncanny

* * *

raro, -a adj

1. [extraño] strange, odd;

¡qué raro! how strange o odd!;

¡qué raro que no haya llamado! it's very strange o odd that she hasn't called;

es raro que no nos lo haya dicho it's odd o funny that she didn't tell us;

ya me parecía raro que no hubiera dicho nada I thought it was strange o odd that he hadn't said anything;

no sé qué le pasa últimamente, está o [m5] la noto muy rara I don't know what's up with her lately, she's been acting very strangely

2. [excepcional] unusual, rare;
[visita] infrequent;
rara vez rarely;

es raro el día que viene a comer she very rarely comes round for lunch;

raro es el que no fuma very few of them don't smoke

3. [extravagante] odd, eccentric

4. [escaso] rare

5. Quím rare

* * *

raro

adj

1 rare

2 ( extraño) strange;

¡qué raro! how strange!

* * *

raro, -ra adj

1) extraño: odd, strange, peculiar

2) : unusual, rare

3) : exceptional

4)

rara vez : seldom, rarely

* * *

raro adj

1. (extraño) strange / odd

es raro que no haya venido it's strange that she hasn't come

2. (poco frecuente) rare

los gorilas albinos son animales raros albino gorillas are rare animals

Spanish-English dictionary > raro
8 Leonardo da Vinci

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Architecture and building, Horology, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,

d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.

[br]

Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.

[br]

Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.

In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.

In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.

Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.

Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.

At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

"Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.

Further Reading

E.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).

G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.

C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.

I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.

LRD / IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Leonardo da Vinci
9 Rankine, William John Macquorn

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

[br]

b. 5 July 1820 Edinburgh, Scotland

d. 1872

[br]

Scottish engineer and educator

[br]

Rankine was educated at Ayr Academy and Glasgow High School, although he appears to have learned much of his basic mathematics and physics through private study. He attended Edinburgh University and then assisted his father, who was acting as Superintendent of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. This introduction to engineering practice was followed in 1838 by his appointment as a pupil to Sir John MacNeill, and for the next four years he served under MacNeill on his Irish railway projects. While still in his early twenties, Rankine presented pioneering papers on metal fatigue and other subjects to the Institution of Civil Engineers, for which he won a prize, but he appears to have resigned from the Civils in 1857 after an argument because the Institution would not transfer his Associate Membership into full Membership. From 1844 to 1848 Rankine worked on various projects for the Caledonian Railway Company, but his interests were becoming increasingly theoretical and a series of distinguished papers for learned societies established his reputation as a leading scholar in the new science of thermodynamics. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853. At the same time, he remained intimately involved with practical questions of applied science, in shipbuilding, marine engineering and electric telegraphy, becoming associated with the influential coterie of fellow Scots such as the Thomson brothers, Napier, Elder, and Lewis Gordon. Gordon was then the head of a large and successful engineering practice, but he was also Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, and when he retired from the Chair to pursue his business interests, Rankine, who had become his Assistant, was appointed in his place.

From 1855 until his premature death in 1872, Rankine built up an impressive engineering department, providing a firm theoretical basis with a series of text books that he wrote himself and most of which remained in print for many decades. Despite his quarrel with the Institution of Civil Engineers, Rankine took a keen interest in the institutional development of the engineering profession, becoming the first President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, which he helped to establish in 1857. Rankine campaigned vigorously for the recognition of engineering studies as a full university degree at Glasgow, and he achieved this in 1872, the year of his death. Rankine was one of the handful of mid-nineteenth century engineers who virtually created engineering as an academic discipline.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1853. First President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 1857.

Bibliography

1858, Manual of Applied Mechanics.

1859, Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers.

1862, Manual of Civil Engineering.

1869, Manual of Machinery and Millwork.

Further Reading

1873, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 21.

J.Small, 1957, "The institution's first president", Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland: 687–97.

H.B.Sutherland, 1972, Rankine. His Life and Times.

AB

Biographical history of technology > Rankine, William John Macquorn
10 well

I [wel]
aggettivo (compar. better, superl. best)

1) (in good health)

to feel well — sentirsi bene

are you well? — stai bene?

he's not well enough to travel — non sta ancora abbastanza bene per viaggiare

he's not a well man — ha dei problemi di salute

he doesn't look at all well — non sembra proprio in forma

to get well — stare meglio

2) (in satisfactory state) bene

all is well — va tutto bene

all is not well in their marriage — ci sono dei problemi nel loro matrimonio

that's all very well, but — è tutto molto bello, però

it's all very well for you to laugh, but — tu fai presto a ridere, ma

well and good — (va) benissimo

3) (prudent)

it would be just as well to check — sarebbe meglio controllare

it would be as well for you to... — faresti meglio a

4) (fortunate)

it was just as well for him that... — gli è andata bene che...

the flight was delayed, which was just as well — per fortuna il volo era in ritardo
II [wel]
avverbio (compar. better, superl. best)

1) (satisfactorily) [treat, behave, sleep etc.] bene

that boy will do well — quel ragazzo farà strada

he hasn't done as well as he might — non ha fatto quanto avrebbe potuto

I did well in the general knowledge questions — sono andato bene nelle domande di cultura generale

to do well at school — andare bene a scuola

mother and baby are both doing well — la madre e il bambino stanno entrambi bene

the operation went well — l'operazione è andata bene

you did well to tell me — hai fatto bene a dirmelo

we'll be doing well if we get there on time — saremo fortunati se arriveremo in tempo

well done! — bravo!

to do oneself well — trattarsi bene, non farsi mancare nulla

to do well by sb. — mostrarsi gentile con qcn., comportarsi bene con qcn

2) (used with modal verbs)

you may well be right — potresti anche avere ragione

I can well believe it — credo bene, ci credo

it may well be that — potrebbe anche darsi che

I couldn't very well say no — mi è stato impossibile dire di no

you may well ask! — hai un bel chiedere!

we may as well go home — potremmo benissimo andarcene a casa

"shall I shut the door?" - "you might as well" — "chiudo la porta?" - "fai pure"

he looked shocked, as well he might — sembrava scioccato, e non c'è da stupirsi

3) (intensifier) ben

he is well over 30 — è ben oltre i 30

it was well worth waiting for — è valsa proprio la pena di aspettare

the weather remained fine well into September — il tempo è rimasto bello fino a settembre inoltrato

profits are well below average — i guadagni sono ben al di sotto della media

4) (approvingly)

to speak well of sb. — parlare bene di qcn

5)

to wish sb. well — augurare ogni bene a qcn

6)

as well — (also) anche

as well as — (in addition to) così come

is he coming as well? — viene anche lui?

I worked on Saturday as well as on Sunday — ho lavorato sabato e pure domenica

by day as well as by night — di giorno così come di notte

••

to be well in with sb. — colloq. stare bene con qcn.

to be well up in sth. — conoscere bene qcs.

to leave well alone — BE o

well enough alone — AE (not get involved) non metterci le mani

you're well out of it! — colloq. per fortuna ne sei fuori!

well and truly — completamente
III [wel]
interiezione (expressing astonishment) beh; (expressing indignation, disgust) insomma; (expressing disappointment) bene; (after pause in conversation, account) allora

well, you may be right — beh, forse hai ragione

well then, what's the problem? — allora, qual è il problema?

oh well, there's nothing I can do about it — beh, non posso farci niente

well, well, well, so you're off to America? — e così parti per l'America?

very well then — molto bene
IV [wel]
nome

1) (in ground) pozzo m.

2) (pool) sorgente f., fonte f.

3) ing. (for stairs, lift) vano m.

4) BE (in law court) = spazio riservato ai difensori
V [wel]
verbo intransitivo well up

- well up

* * *

(to have a good, or bad, opinion of: She thought highly of him and his poetry.) (avere una buona/cattiva opinione di)

* * *
I [wɛl]
1. n

(for water etc) pozzo, (of stairs) tromba, (of lift) gabbia

2. vi

(tears, emotions) sgorgare

•

- well up
II [wɛl] better comp best superl
1. adv

1) (gen) bene

very well — benissimo

she plays the flute very well — suona molto bene il flauto

you did that really well — l'hai fatto proprio bene

he did as well as he could — ha fatto come meglio poteva

to do well (in sth) — andare bene (in qc)

she's doing really well at school — va molto bene a scuola

to be doing well — stare bene

the patient is doing well — il paziente si sta rimettendo

you did well to come — hai fatto bene a venire

he did well to come tenth — anche arrivare decimo è stato per lui un buon risultato

well done! — ben fatto!, bravo (-a)!

to think well of sb — avere una buona opinione di qn

to be well in with sb — essere in buoni rapporti con qn

to do well by sb — trattare bene qn

it was well worth it — ne valeva certo la pena

you're well out of it — è un bene che tu ne sia uscito

well and truly — completamente

well over a thousand — molto or ben più di mille

all or only too well — anche troppo bene

and well I know it! — è proprio vero!

he's well away — (fam: drunk) è completamente andato

2)

(probably, reasonably) we might just as well have... — tanto valeva...

she cried, as well she might — piangeva a buon diritto

one might well ask why... — ci si potrebbe ben chiedere perché...

you may well ask! — buona domanda!

you might as well tell me — potresti anche dirmelo

I might or may as well come — quasi quasi vengo

I couldn't very well leave — non potevo andarmene così

3)

as well — (in addition) anche

she sings, as well as playing the piano — oltre a suonare il piano, canta

X as well as Y — sia X che Y

we worked hard, but we had some fun as well — abbiamo lavorato sodo, ma ci siamo anche divertiti

we went to Verona as well as Venice — siamo stati a Venezia e anche a Verona

2. adj

1)

(healthy) to be well — stare bene

I'm not very well at the moment — non sto molto bene in questo periodo

get well soon! — guarisci presto!

I don't feel well — non mi sento bene

2) (acceptable, satisfactory) buono (-a)

all is not well — non va tutto bene

that's all very well, but... — va benissimo, ma..., d'accordo, ma...

well and good — bene

it would be as well to ask — sarebbe bene chiedere

it's just as well we asked — abbiamo fatto bene a chiedere

3. excl

(gen) bene, (resignation, hesitation) be'

well, as I was saying... — dunque, come stavo dicendo...

well, well, well! — ma guarda un po'!

very well then — va bene, molto bene

very well, if that's the way you want it — (unenthusiastic) va bene, se questo è quello che vuoi

well I never! — ma no!, ma non mi dire!

well there you are then! — ecco, hai visto!

it's enormous! Well, quite big anyway — è gigantesco! Be', diciamo molto grande

well? What's wrong? — allora? Cosa c'è che non va?

4. n

to wish sb well — augurare ogni bene a qn, (in exam, new job) augurare a qn di riuscire

* * *
well (1) /wɛl/
n.

1 pozzo: artesian well, pozzo artesiano; oil wells, pozzi petroliferi; to sink a well, scavare un pozzo

2 fonte, fontana, sorgente (fig. e nei toponimi): the well of knowledge, la fonte del sapere

3 (edil.) tromba (o pozzo) delle scale; vano dell'ascensore

4 ( di penna stilografica) serbatoio

5 (naut.) pozzo delle pompe

6 (naut.) vivaio ( di un peschereccio)

7 (leg.: nei tribunali ingl.) spazio riservato ai difensori

● (naut.) well boat, (barca) vivaio □ well borer, scavatore di pozzi; (ind. min.) sonda-trivella □ well-boring, che scava pozzi □ (ind. min.) well core, carota □ well-curb, vera (di pozzo) □ (naut.) well deck, ponte a pozzo (per es., di aliscafo) □ (ind. min.) well drilling, trivellazione; sondaggio □ well-hole, pozzo; (edil.) tromba (o pozzo) delle scale □ (metall.) the well of a blast furnace, il crogiolo di un altoforno □ well sinker, scavatore di pozzi □ well sweep, pertica del pozzo; shaduf, sciaduf □ well water, acqua di pozzo.
♦ well (2) /wɛl/
avv. (compar. better, superl. best)

1 bene; attentamente; diligentemente; rettamente; con cura; a fondo; completamente: to sleep well, dormire bene; to speak well of sb., parlar bene di q.; Stir it well before you drink it, rimescolalo bene prima di berlo; Green and yellow go well together, il verde e il giallo stanno bene insieme; to treat sb. well, trattar bene q.; The work is well done, il lavoro è fatto bene; DIALOGO → - After an exam- I think I answered the questions quite well, credo di aver risposto abbastanza bene a tutte le domande; to know sb. well, conoscer bene q.; conoscere a fondo q.

2 bene; a ragione: You may well say so, puoi ben dirlo; You did well to stay at home, hai fatto bene a restare a casa; You can't very well back out now, non puoi tirarti indietro adesso a ragione

● (fam.) well and truly, del tutto; completamente □ (fam.) well and truly drunk, ubriaco fradicio □ well away, avanti (nel fare qc.); a buon punto; (pop.) bell'e che andato ( cioè ubriaco o addormentato) □ to be well on in life, essere avanti con gli anni □ It's well on midday, è quasi mezzogiorno □ to be well out of it, essersela cavata a buon mercato; esserne fuori □ to be well past forty [fifty, sixty], aver passato la quarantina [la cinquantina, la sessantina] da un pezzo □ to be well up in st., essere al corrente di qc.; conoscere bene qc. □ as well, anche; pure: I shall come as well, verrò io pure; DIALOGO → - Booking online- We might as well book now, potremmo anche (o tanto vale) prenotare adesso NOTA D'USO: - also / too- □ as well as, così come; tanto quanto; non solo ma anche; come pure: He gave me shelter as well as food, mi diede non solo asilo, ma anche da sfamarmi □ to come off well, ( di persona) cavarsela, uscirne bene; ( di cosa) riuscir bene; (fam.) fare una bella figura □ to do well, fare bene ( nella vita, ecc.): Your son will do well, tuo figlio farà bene (o si farà strada) □ to do oneself well, trattarsi bene; non farsi mancar nulla □ to do well out of the sale of one's car, vendere bene la propria automobile □ to examine st. well, esaminare qc. a fondo □ just as well = (That's) just as well ► sotto □ to live well, vivere nell'agiatezza; passarsela bene □ to look well, guardar bene; cercare attentamente; ( anche: di persona) stare bene, fare la propria figura; ( di cosa) stare bene: Jane looks well in green, Jane sta bene vestita di verde; Does this tie look well on me?, mi sta bene questa cravatta? □ perfectly well, alla perfezione; perfettamente □ pretty well finished, quasi finito □ to receive sb. well, fare buona accoglienza a q. □ (impers.) to speak well for sb., far onore a q.: It speaks well for him that he refused, gli fa onore l'aver rifiutato □ to stand well with sb., essere in buoni rapporti con q.; essere nelle buone grazie di q. □ very well, benissimo: You've done your homework very well, hai fatto benissimo i tuoi compiti □ DIALOGO → - Business trip 2- Well done!, ben fatto!; bravo! □ Well met!, proprio te!; che piacere incontrarti! □ Well run! hai fatto un'ottima corsa!; bravo! □ That boy will do well ( in life), quel ragazzo si farà strada (nella vita) □ Look well to yourself, bada a te!; sta' bene attento! □ You might ( just) as well throw your money away, tanto varrebbe che i tuoi soldi li buttassi via □ ( That's) just as well, poco male!; meglio così!; pazienza!; fa lo stesso! □ (prov.) Well begun is half done, chi ben comincia è a metà dell'opera □ (prov.) Let well ( enough) alone, il meglio è nemico del bene.
♦ well (3) /wɛl/
A a. pred. (compar. better, superl. best)

1 bene; in buona salute; in buone condizioni: Is he well or ill?, sta bene o è malato?; I am feeling well today, oggi mi sento bene; I am perfectly well, sto benissimo; DIALOGO → - Greetings and other useful phrases- I'm very well, thank you, sto molto bene, grazie; fairly (o reasonably) well, abbastanza bene

2 bene; opportuno; consigliabile; utile; giusto; bello: It would be well to inquire, sarebbe bene indagare

B a. attr.

(spec. USA) che sta bene; che è in buona salute; sano: He's not a well man, non sta bene di salute

● well and good!, d'accordo!; sta bene!; alla buon'ora! □ well enough, abbastanza bene; benino; discretamente: I am well enough, sto abbastanza bene □ to be well off, passarsela bene; essere in buone condizioni finanziarie □ to be well up in Latin, essere forte in latino □ to get well ( again), guarire; ristabilirsi; DIALOGO → - Feeling ill- Get well soon!, guarisci presto! □ to look well (o to be looking well), avere una bella cera (o un bell'aspetto) □ (iron.) It's all very well … but, sta bene… ma □ All's well, tutto a posto!; tutto bene! □ (prov.) All's well that ends well, tutto è bene quel che finisce bene.
well (4) /wɛl/
n. [u]

(il) bene: to wish sb. well, augurare (ogni) bene a q.

● It was well for her that you were present, fu una fortuna (fam.: un bene) per lei che tu fossi presente.
♦ well (5) /wɛl/
inter.

beh; ebbene; dunque; allora: Well, what shall we do now?, beh, e ora che facciamo?; Well, what about it?, ebbene, che ne dici?; Well, as I was saying…, dunque, come stavo dicendo…; Well then?, e allora?, e poi?; e con ciò?

● well, but, sì, ma: Well, but what about the others?, sì, ma gli altri? □ Very well!, benissimo!; benone!; d'accordo!; ( anche) fa pure!; staremo a vedere! □ Well, I see, bene, bene; capisco □ Well, to be sure!, ma certo!; questa sì che è bella!; ( con incredulità) ma no!; davvero? □ Well, I never!, chi l'avrebbe mai detto?; ma no!; impossibile!
well (6) /wɛl/
pref.

(in numerosi composti, quali:) well-adjusted, ben inserito ( nel lavoro, nella società); well-advised, saggio; prudente: a well-advised decision, una decisione saggia; well-appointed, bene attrezzato; bene arredato; ben equipaggiato: a well-appointed office, un ufficio bene arredato; well-balanced, ben proporzionato; bilanciato; equilibrato: (med.) a well-balanced diet, una dieta bilanciata; a well-balanced mind, una mente equilibrata; ( boxe, lotta, ecc.) well-balanced stance, positura bene impostata; buona impostazione della posizione; well-behaved, educato, beneducato; well-beloved, beneamato; amatissimo; well-born, bennato, di buona famiglia; well-bred, ( di persona) educato, beneducato; ( di cavallo, ecc.) di razza; ( di un uomo) well-built, ben piantato; ben messo; well-chosen, scelto bene, appropriato; well-conditioned, onesto, retto; ( di animale) sano; well-conducted, bene costumato, che si comporta bene, disciplinato; ( di azienda, ecc.) gestito bene, bene organizzato; well-connected, di buon parentado; che ha buone relazioni sociali (o commerciali); ( del gioco) well-constructed, ben costruito; articolato; ( di un giocatore) well-coordinated, coordinato; che ha una buona coordinazione; well-defined, ben definito; ( di concetto) chiaro, esplicito; well-deserved, meritato; giusto: well-deserved win, vittoria meritata; well-disposed, bendisposto, benevolo, favorevole; well-doer, chi fa del bene; persona virtuosa; well-doing, l'agir bene; la virtù; well-done, ben fatto; ( di cibo) ben cotto; well-dressed, ben vestito; well-earned, meritato: a well-earned reward, una ricompensa meritata; well-endowed, ben dotato ( fisicamente); superdotato; well established, ( di organo, potere, ecc.) solido, saldo; ( di costume) inveterato, radicato; ( di professionista) affermato; (arc.) well-favoured, bello, di bell'aspetto; well-fed, ben nutrito; well-found, bene attrezzato, ben equipaggiato; well-founded, fondato: well-founded charges, accuse fondate; (arc.) well-graced, aggraziato; attraente; well-groomed, attillato, azzimato; well-grounded, fondato; bene informato, competente, esperto; (fig. fam.) well-heeled, ricco, facoltoso, agiato; ( anche) bene organizzato, ben strutturato; (fam.) well-hung, ( d'abito) che cade bene, che sta bene; ( d'uomo) ben messo ( fisicamente); ben piantato; ( di donna) prosperosa, popputa (pop.); well-informed, bene informato; al corrente; well-intentioned, ben intenzionato; (fatto) a fin di bene; well-judged, pieno di discernimento, assennato, saggio; ( sport) calcolato bene; calibrato; well-kept, ben tenuto; tenuto bene; well-knit, ( di persona) forte, robusto, ben piantato; ( di ragionamento, ecc.) coerente; ( di edificio, ecc.) solido; well-known, notorio, noto; rinomato; well-liked, popolare, amato; well-lined, ( dello stomaco) pieno; ( del portafogli) gonfio; well-made, ben fatto; di belle fattezze; well-managed, gestito bene; condotto bene; well-mannered, educato, cortese, beneducato; well-marked, chiaro, distinto, evidente; well-matched, bene assortito; bene accoppiato; ( sport: di un incontro) equilibrato; ( di due contendenti) di pari forza, dello stesso valore; well-meaning, ben intenzionato; well-meant, fatto (o detto) a fin di bene; (form.) well-nigh, quasi, pressoché; well-off, agiato, benestante, ricco; messo bene ( in fatto di attrezzature, servizi, ecc.); (fam.) fortunato; well-oiled, bene oliato; (fig.) complimentoso, untuoso; ( slang) sbronzo; well-ordered, bene ordinato; well-organised, ben organizzato; well-placed, ben piazzato; ‘Well played!’, ‘bella giocata!’; ‘bravo!’; well-prepared, ( di un atleta) preparato bene; ( di un piano di gioco, ecc.) studiato bene; well-preserved, conservato bene, in buono stato; ( di persona) che si conserva bene, benportante; well-proportioned, ben proporzionato; well-read, che ha letto molto, colto, istruito; well-regulated, bene ordinato, disciplinato; well-reputed, stimato, che gode di buona fama; well-rounded, (ben) finito; completo; ben tornito; (fig.) eclettico; well-seasoned, ( di legno, ecc.) ben stagionato; ( di cibo) ben condito; (fig.: di persona) di grande esperienza; well-set, compatto, saldo, solido; ( di persona) ben messo, ben piantato, robusto; well-set-up, ben fatto, ben piantato, robusto; agiato, facoltoso, ricco; well-spent, speso bene: a well-spent life, una vita spesa bene; well-spoken, facondo, eloquente, raffinato nel parlare; detto (o pronunciato) bene; che parla bene; (org. az.) well-staffed, ben fornito di personale; well-taken, tirato (o battuto) bene; bello; well-thought-of, che gode della considerazione generale; stimato (o benvoluto) da tutti; well-thought-out, ( di una decisione, di un passo) ponderato, ben meditato; ( di un progetto) pensato bene, ben progettato; ( di un libro) well-thumbed, pieno di ditate; (fig.) molto compulsato; well-timed, tempestivo, opportuno; well-to-do, agiato, benestante, ricco; well-tried, provato, sperimentato, sicuro: well-tried remedies, rimedi sicuri; well-trodden, assai frequentato; ( di frase, ecc.) well-turned, ben tornito; well-watered, ( di un giardino, ecc.) ben annaffiato; (agric.) ben irrigato; well-wisher, persona che vuol bene (o che è affezionata); fautore, sostenitore; well-wishing, benaugurante; well-worn, consunto, logoro, liso, frusto, sdrucito; (fig.) comune, trito, banale, vieto: a well-worn tale, una storiella trita.
(to) well /wɛl/
v. i.

( di solito to well up, out, forth) scaturire; sgorgare; pullulare; zampillare: Bitter tears welled from her eyes ( o up in her eyes), amare lacrime le sono sgorgate dagli occhi; Suddenly water welled up, d'improvviso zampillò l'acqua.

* * *
I [wel]
aggettivo (compar. better, superl. best)

1) (in good health)

to feel well — sentirsi bene

are you well? — stai bene?

he's not well enough to travel — non sta ancora abbastanza bene per viaggiare

he's not a well man — ha dei problemi di salute

he doesn't look at all well — non sembra proprio in forma

to get well — stare meglio

2) (in satisfactory state) bene

all is well — va tutto bene

all is not well in their marriage — ci sono dei problemi nel loro matrimonio

that's all very well, but — è tutto molto bello, però

it's all very well for you to laugh, but — tu fai presto a ridere, ma

well and good — (va) benissimo

3) (prudent)

it would be just as well to check — sarebbe meglio controllare

it would be as well for you to... — faresti meglio a

4) (fortunate)

it was just as well for him that... — gli è andata bene che...

the flight was delayed, which was just as well — per fortuna il volo era in ritardo
II [wel]
avverbio (compar. better, superl. best)

1) (satisfactorily) [treat, behave, sleep etc.] bene

that boy will do well — quel ragazzo farà strada

he hasn't done as well as he might — non ha fatto quanto avrebbe potuto

I did well in the general knowledge questions — sono andato bene nelle domande di cultura generale

to do well at school — andare bene a scuola

mother and baby are both doing well — la madre e il bambino stanno entrambi bene

the operation went well — l'operazione è andata bene

you did well to tell me — hai fatto bene a dirmelo

we'll be doing well if we get there on time — saremo fortunati se arriveremo in tempo

well done! — bravo!

to do oneself well — trattarsi bene, non farsi mancare nulla

to do well by sb. — mostrarsi gentile con qcn., comportarsi bene con qcn

2) (used with modal verbs)

you may well be right — potresti anche avere ragione

I can well believe it — credo bene, ci credo

it may well be that — potrebbe anche darsi che

I couldn't very well say no — mi è stato impossibile dire di no

you may well ask! — hai un bel chiedere!

we may as well go home — potremmo benissimo andarcene a casa

"shall I shut the door?" - "you might as well" — "chiudo la porta?" - "fai pure"

he looked shocked, as well he might — sembrava scioccato, e non c'è da stupirsi

3) (intensifier) ben

he is well over 30 — è ben oltre i 30

it was well worth waiting for — è valsa proprio la pena di aspettare

the weather remained fine well into September — il tempo è rimasto bello fino a settembre inoltrato

profits are well below average — i guadagni sono ben al di sotto della media

4) (approvingly)

to speak well of sb. — parlare bene di qcn

5)

to wish sb. well — augurare ogni bene a qcn

6)

as well — (also) anche

as well as — (in addition to) così come

is he coming as well? — viene anche lui?

I worked on Saturday as well as on Sunday — ho lavorato sabato e pure domenica

by day as well as by night — di giorno così come di notte

••

to be well in with sb. — colloq. stare bene con qcn.

to be well up in sth. — conoscere bene qcs.

to leave well alone — BE o

well enough alone — AE (not get involved) non metterci le mani

you're well out of it! — colloq. per fortuna ne sei fuori!

well and truly — completamente
III [wel]
interiezione (expressing astonishment) beh; (expressing indignation, disgust) insomma; (expressing disappointment) bene; (after pause in conversation, account) allora

well, you may be right — beh, forse hai ragione

well then, what's the problem? — allora, qual è il problema?

oh well, there's nothing I can do about it — beh, non posso farci niente

well, well, well, so you're off to America? — e così parti per l'America?

very well then — molto bene
IV [wel]
nome

1) (in ground) pozzo m.

2) (pool) sorgente f., fonte f.

3) ing. (for stairs, lift) vano m.

4) BE (in law court) = spazio riservato ai difensori
V [wel]
verbo intransitivo well up

- well up

English-Italian dictionary > well
11 mucho

adj.

a lot of, too much, much, plenty of.

adv.

1 a lot, much, very much, a great deal.

2 very often, too often.

m.

a great deal, quite much, much, a lot.

* * *

mucho

► adjetivo

1 (singular - en afirmativas) a lot of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, much

■ hicieron mucho ruido they made a lot of noise

■ no tiene mucho dinero he hasn't got a lot of/much money

■ ¿nos queda mucha gasolina? have we got a lot of/much petrol left?

2 (plural - en afirmativas) a lot of, lots of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, many

■ son muchos socios en ese club the club has a lot of members

■ hay mucha gente esperando there are a lot of people waiting

■ tiene muchos discos he's got lots of records

■ no hay muchas copas there aren't a lot of/many glasses

■ ¿tienes muchos libros? have you got a lot of/many books?

■ hace mucho calor/frío it's very hot/cold

■ tengo mucha hambre/sed I'm very hungry/thirsty

3 (demasiado - singular) too much; (- plural) too many

■ es mucho trabajo para una sola persona it's too much work for just one person

■ el proyecto supone demasiados problemas the project involves too many problems

■ ya son muchas preguntas that's far too many questions

► pronombre

1 (singular) a lot, much; (plural) a lot, many

■ no me queda mucho por hacer I haven't got much left to do

■ muchos de ellos acudieron many of them came

■ muchos de mis amigos viven en el extranjero a lot of my friends live abroad

■ muchos dicen que no es apto para el trabajo a lot of people say he's not suitable for the job

► adverbio

1 (de cantidad) a lot, much

■ mucho mejor/peor much better/worse

■ era mucho más peligroso de lo que pensábamos it was much more dangerous than we thought

■ se preocupa mucho por ellos he worries a lot about them

■ me gusta mucho I like it a lot

■ lo siento mucho I'm really sorry

■ me alegro mucho de verte I'm very pleased to see you

■ ¿te ha gustado la película? --sí, mucho did you like the film? --yes, very much

■ ¿estaba buena la comida? --sí, mucho was the food good? --yes, very good

2 (de tiempo)

■ mucho antes/después much earlier/later

■ hace mucho que no nos vemos we haven't seen each other for a long time

3 (de frecuencia) often

■ no vienen mucho por aquí they don't come here often

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

como mucho at the most

■ te pagarán como mucho treinta euros they'll pay you thirty euros at the most

con mucho by far

■ es con mucho el mejor concursante he's the best competitor by far

muy mucho familiar very much so

ni con mucho nowhere near as

■ no es ni con mucho tan inteligente he's nowhere near as clever

ni mucho menos far from

■ no es ni mucho menos tonto he's far from stupid

por mucho que however much

■ por mucho que lo intentes no lo conseguirás you won't get it however much you try

* * *
1. (f. - mucha)
adj.

many, much, a lot of, plenty of
2. adv.
much, a lot

- como mucho
- con mucho
- mucho tiempo 3. (f. - mucha)
pron.

many, much, a lot

* * *

1. ADJ

1) [en singular] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, much

tengo mucho dinero — I have a lot of o lots of money

había mucha gente — there were a lot of o lots of people there

¿tienes mucho trabajo? — do you have a lot of o much work?

no tengo mucho dinero — I don't have a lot of o much money

hace mucho calor — it's very hot

tengo mucho frío — I'm very cold

tengo mucha hambre — I'm very hungry

tengo mucha sed — I'm very thirsty

tuve mucha suerte — I was very lucky

no hace mucho tiempo — not long ago

llevo aquí mucho tiempo — I've been here a long time

2) [en plural] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, many

tiene muchas plantas — he has got a lot of o lots of plants

muchas personas creen que no — a lot of o lots of people don't think so

se lo he dicho muchas veces — I've told him many o lots of times

¿había muchos niños en el parque? — were there a lot of o many children in the park?

no había muchos patos en el lago — there weren't a lot of o many ducks on the lake

3) * [con singular colectivo]

había mucho borracho — there were a lot of o lots of drunks there

hay mucho tonto suelto — there are a lot of o lots of idiots around

mucho beso, pero luego me critica por la espalda — she's all kisses, but then she criticizes me behind my back

4) (=demasiado)

es mucho dinero para un niño — it's too much money for a child

es mucha mujer para ti — * that woman is too much for you

esta es mucha casa para nosotros — * this house is too big for us

2. PRON

1) [en singular]

a) [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, much

tengo mucho que hacer — I have a lot o lots to do

tiene la culpa de mucho de lo que pasa — he's to blame for a lot of o much of what has happened

el plan tiene mucho de positivo — there's a lot about the plan that is positive

su discurso tiene mucho de fascista — his rhetoric contains a lot of fascist elements

¿has aprendido mucho en este trabajo? — have you learnt a lot o much from this job?

no tengo mucho que hacer — I haven't got a lot o much to do

-¿cuánto vino queda? -mucho — "how much wine is left?" - "a lot" o "lots"

b) [referido a tiempo] long

¿te vas a quedar mucho? — are you staying long?

no tardes mucho — don't be long

¿falta mucho para llegar? — will it be long till we arrive?

-¿cuánto nos queda para acabar? -mucho — "how long till we finish?" - "ages"

hace mucho que no salgo a bailar — it's a long time o ages since I went out dancing

2) [en plural] [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, many

somos muchos — there are a lot of o lots of us

son muchos los que no quieren — there are a lot o lots who don't want to

muchos dicen que... — a lot of o lots of o many people say that...

muchos de los ausentes — many of o a lot of those absent

-¿hay manzanas? -sí, pero no muchas — "are there any apples?" - "yes, but not many o not a lot"

¿vinieron muchos? — did many o a lot of people come?

-¿cuántos había? -muchos — "how many were there?" - "a lot" o "lots"

3. ADV

1) (=en gran cantidad) a lot

come mucho — she eats a lot

te quiero mucho — I love you very much o a lot

viene mucho — he comes often o a lot

me gusta mucho el jazz — I really like jazz, I like jazz a lot

sí señor, me gusta y mucho — I do indeed like it and I like it a lot

- son 75 euros -es mucho — "that will be 75 euros" - "that's a lot"

alegrarse mucho — to be very glad

correr mucho — to run fast

lo siento mucho — I'm very o really sorry

¡mucho lo sientes tú! — * a fat lot you care! *

trabajar mucho — to work hard

• mucho antes — long before

• mucho más — much o a lot more

• mucho menos — much o a lot less

• muy mucho, se guardará muy mucho de hacerlo — * he'll jolly well be careful not to do it *

• si no es mucho pedir — if that's not asking too much

eso es mucho pedir — it's a lot to ask

• pensárselo mucho, se lo pensó mucho antes de contestar — he thought long and hard about it before replying

• mucho peor — much o a lot worse

2) [en respuestas]

-¿estás cansado? -¡mucho! — "are you tired?" - "I certainly am!"

-¿te gusta? -no mucho — "do you like it?" - "not really"

3) [otras locuciones]

• como mucho — at (the) most

como mucho leo un libro al mes — at (the) most I read one book a month

• con mucho — by far, far and away

fue, con mucho, el mejor — he was by far the best, he was far and away the best

no se puede comparar, ni con mucho, a ninguna de nuestras ideas — it bears no comparison at all o you can't begin to compare it with any of our ideas

• cuando mucho — frm at (the) most

• tener a algn en mucho — to think highly of sb

• ni mucho menos, Juan no es ni mucho menos el que era — Juan is nothing like the man he was

mi intención no era insultarte, ni mucho menos — I in no way intended to insult you, I didn't intend to insult you, far from it

• por mucho que, por mucho que estudies — however hard you study

por mucho que lo quieras no debes mimarlo — no matter how much you love him, you shouldn't spoil him

* * *
I
adverbio

a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

funciona mucho mejor — it works much o a lot better

trabaja mucho — he works very hard

¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

por mucho que insistas — no matter how much you insist

después de mucho discutir — after long discussions

b) ( en respuestas)

¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)
II
- cha adjetivo

1)

a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

somos muchos — there are a lot of us

¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

2) (sing)

a) (fam) ( con valor plural)

mucho elogio pero no me lo van a publicar — they're full of praise but they're not going to publish it

hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí — there are a lot of rogues around

b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)

era mucho jugador para un equipo así — he was much too good a player for a team like that
III
- cha pronombre

1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said

tengo mucho que hacer — I have a lot to do

si no es mucho pedir — if it's not too much to ask

muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

hace mucho que no lo vemos — we haven't seen him for a long time

¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

3) (en locs)

como mucho — at (the) most

con mucho — by far, easily

ni mucho menos — in no way

no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

* * *

= heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.

Ex. Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.

Ex. Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.

Ex. An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.

Ex. Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.

Ex. 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.

Ex. Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.

Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.

Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.

Ex. Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.

Ex. Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.

Ex. Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.

Ex. Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.

Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.

Ex. For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.

Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.

Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.

Ex. The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.

Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.

Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex. Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.

Ex. The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.

Ex. His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.

----

* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.

* afectar mucho = hit + hard.

* Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].

* Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.

* andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.

* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.

* bajar mucho = go + way down.

* beber mucho = drink + heavily.

* bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.

* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.

* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.

* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.

* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.

* con mucha antelación = far in advance.

* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.

* con mucha diferencia = by far.

* con mucha energía = high energy.

* con mucha frecuencia = very often.

* con mucha información = populated.

* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.

* con mucha palabrería = glibly.

* con mucha población = heavily populated.

* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.

* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.

* con muchas actividades = event-filled.

* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.

* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.

* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.

* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].

* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.

* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.

* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].

* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.

* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.

* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].

* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.

* con muchos detalles = elaborately.

* con muchos eventos = event-filled.

* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].

* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.

* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.

* con mucho trabajo = painfully.

* conseguir mucho = do + much.

* contener mucho = be high in.

* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.

* dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.

* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.

* dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.

* darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.

* decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.

* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.

* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.

* de muchas maneras = in every way.

* de mucho arraigo = long-established.

* de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.

* de mucho cuidado = badass.

* de mucho provecho = high-payoff.

* de muchos usos = all-purpose.

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.

* desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.

* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* día de mucho calor = scorcher.

* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.

* durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.

* durante muchas horas = for many long hours.

* durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).

* durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).

* durar mucho = last + long.

* durar mucho rato = take + a long time.

* durar mucho tiempo = last + long.

* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.

* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.

* en muchos aspectos = in most respects.

* en muchos casos = in many instances.

* en muchos grupos = in many quarters.

* en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.

* en muchos sectores = in many quarters.

* en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.

* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.

* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.

* existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.

* existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....

* faltar mucho = be a long way off.

* faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).

* fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.

* ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.

* guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.

* gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.

* gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].

* gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.

* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.

* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muchos años = many years ago.

* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hacer mucho = do + much.

* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.

* hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.

* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.

* llenar mucho = be filling.

* lo mucho que = how extensively.

* mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.

* muchas ganancias = high return.

* Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.

* muchas horas = long hours.

* muchas otras cosas = much else.

* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.

* mucha suerte = best of luck.

* muchas veces = multiple times.

* mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.

* mucho antes = early on.

* mucho antes de = well before.

* mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.

* mucho dinero = big bucks.

* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.

* mucho interés = keen interest.

* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.

* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.

* mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.

* mucho más allá de = far beyond.

* mucho más cerca = far closer.

* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.

* mucho más rápido = far faster.

* mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.

* mucho mejor = far better.

* mucho mejor que = far superior to.

* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.

* mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.

* mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.

* mucho peor = far worse.

* mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.

* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.

* muchos = many, good many, many a(n).

* muchos beneficios = high return.

* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.

* muchos más = a great many more.

* muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.

* mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.

* mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.

* mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.

* mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.

* mucho trabajo = hard graft.

* ni con mucho = not by a long shot.

* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.

* no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.

* no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no hace mucho = in the recent past.

* no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.

* Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.

* Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.

* no mucho después = not long after.

* no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.

* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.

* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.

* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.

* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.

* persona con mucha ambición = social climber.

* persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.

* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.

* que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.

* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.

* que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).

* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.

* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.

* que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.

* que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.

* que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.

* que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.

* que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.

* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.

* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.

* ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.

* ser mucho = be a mouthful.

* ser mucho más = be all the more.

* ser mucho más que = be far more than.

* sin mucha antelación = at short notice.

* sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.

* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.

* sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.

* sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.

* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.

* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.

* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.

* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.

* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.

* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.

* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.

* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.

* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.

* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.

* trabajando mucho = hard at work.

* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.

* trabajar mucho = work + hard.

* usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.

* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.

* Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.

* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.

* y mucho más = and much more.

* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.

* y mucho(s) más = and more.

* * *
I
adverbio

a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

funciona mucho mejor — it works much o a lot better

trabaja mucho — he works very hard

¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

por mucho que insistas — no matter how much you insist

después de mucho discutir — after long discussions

b) ( en respuestas)

¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)
II
- cha adjetivo

1)

a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

somos muchos — there are a lot of us

¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

2) (sing)

a) (fam) ( con valor plural)

mucho elogio pero no me lo van a publicar — they're full of praise but they're not going to publish it

hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí — there are a lot of rogues around

b) (fam) ( con valor ponderativo)

era mucho jugador para un equipo así — he was much too good a player for a team like that
III
- cha pronombre

1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

mucho de lo que ha dicho — much o a lot of what he has said

tengo mucho que hacer — I have a lot to do

si no es mucho pedir — if it's not too much to ask

muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

hace mucho que no lo vemos — we haven't seen him for a long time

¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

3) (en locs)

como mucho — at (the) most

con mucho — by far, easily

ni mucho menos — in no way

no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

* * *

= heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.

Ex: Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.

Ex: Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.

Ex: An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.

Ex: Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.

Ex: 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.

Ex: Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.

Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.

Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.

Ex: Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.

Ex: Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.

Ex: Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.

Ex: Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.

Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.

Ex: For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.

Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.

Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.

Ex: The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.

Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.

Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex: Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.

Ex: The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.

Ex: His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.

* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.

* afectar mucho = hit + hard.

* Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].

* Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.

* andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.

* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.

* bajar mucho = go + way down.

* beber mucho = drink + heavily.

* bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.

* cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.

* causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.

* como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.

* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.

* con mucha antelación = far in advance.

* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.

* con mucha diferencia = by far.

* con mucha energía = high energy.

* con mucha frecuencia = very often.

* con mucha información = populated.

* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.

* con mucha palabrería = glibly.

* con mucha población = heavily populated.

* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.

* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.

* con muchas actividades = event-filled.

* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.

* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.

* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.

* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].

* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.

* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.

* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].

* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.

* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.

* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].

* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.

* con muchos detalles = elaborately.

* con muchos eventos = event-filled.

* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].

* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.

* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.

* con mucho trabajo = painfully.

* conseguir mucho = do + much.

* contener mucho = be high in.

* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.

* dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.

* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.

* dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.

* darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.

* decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.

* dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.

* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.

* de muchas formas = in more ways than one.

* de muchas maneras = in every way.

* de mucho arraigo = long-established.

* de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.

* de mucho cuidado = badass.

* de mucho provecho = high-payoff.

* de muchos usos = all-purpose.

* desde hace muchos años = for years.

* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).

* desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.

* desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.

* destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* día de mucho calor = scorcher.

* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.

* durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.

* durante muchas horas = for many long hours.

* durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).

* durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).

* durar mucho = last + long.

* durar mucho rato = take + a long time.

* durar mucho tiempo = last + long.

* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.

* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.

* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.

* en muchos aspectos = in most respects.

* en muchos casos = in many instances.

* en muchos grupos = in many quarters.

* en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.

* en muchos sectores = in many quarters.

* en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.

* en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.

* escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.

* existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.

* existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....

* faltar mucho = be a long way off.

* faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).

* fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.

* ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.

* guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.

* gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.

* gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].

* gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.

* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.

* hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hace muchos años = many years ago.

* hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.

* hacer mucho = do + much.

* hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.

* hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.

* hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.

* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.

* llenar mucho = be filling.

* lo mucho que = how extensively.

* mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.

* muchas ganancias = high return.

* Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.

* muchas horas = long hours.

* muchas otras cosas = much else.

* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.

* mucha suerte = best of luck.

* muchas veces = multiple times.

* mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.

* mucho antes = early on.

* mucho antes de = well before.

* mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.

* mucho dinero = big bucks.

* mucho esfuerzo = hard work.

* mucho interés = keen interest.

* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.

* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.

* mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.

* mucho más allá de = far beyond.

* mucho más cerca = far closer.

* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.

* mucho más rápido = far faster.

* mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.

* mucho mejor = far better.

* mucho mejor que = far superior to.

* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.

* mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.

* mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.

* mucho peor = far worse.

* mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.

* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.

* muchos = many, good many, many a(n).

* muchos beneficios = high return.

* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.

* muchos más = a great many more.

* muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.

* mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.

* mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.

* mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.

* mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.

* mucho trabajo = hard graft.

* ni con mucho = not by a long shot.

* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.

* no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.

* no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no hace mucho = in the recent past.

* no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.

* Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.

* Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.

* no mucho después = not long after.

* no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.

* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.

* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.

* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.

* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.

* persona con mucha ambición = social climber.

* persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.

* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.

* que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.

* que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.

* que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).

* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.

* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.

* que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.

* que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.

* que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.

* que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.

* que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.

* que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.

* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.

* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).

* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.

* ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.

* ser mucho = be a mouthful.

* ser mucho más = be all the more.

* ser mucho más que = be far more than.

* sin mucha antelación = at short notice.

* sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.

* sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.

* sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.

* sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.

* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.

* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.

* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.

* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.

* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.

* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.

* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.

* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.

* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.

* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.

* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.

* trabajando mucho = hard at work.

* trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.

* trabajar mucho = work + hard.

* usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.

* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.

* Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.

* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.

* y mucho más = and much more.

* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.

* y mucho(s) más = and more.

* * *

mucho¹

adverb

1

salen mucho they go out a lot

no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot

¿salen mucho? do they go out much o a lot?

me ayudaron muchísimo they really helped me a lot

ahora funciona mucho mejor it works much o a lot better now

esto preocupa, y mucho, a los ecologistas this is a matter of great concern to ecologists

trabaja mucho he works very hard

¿llueve mucho? is it raining hard?

me gusta muchísimo I like it a lot o very much

por mucho que insistas, no te va a hacer caso no matter how much you insist o however much you insist he won't listen to you

por mucho que le grites no te oye you can shout as much as you like but he won't hear you

después de mucho discutir llegaron a un acuerdo after long discussions, they reached an agreement

mucho criticar a los demás pero ella tampoco hace nada por ayudar she's forever o always criticizing others but she doesn't do anything to help either

2

(en respuestas): ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very

¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much

para locs ver mucho³ pron C. (↑ mucho (3))

mucho² - cha

adjective

A

1 ( sing) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

tiene mucha vitamina C it contains a lot of vitamin C

no le tienen mucho respeto they don't have much o a lot of respect for him

había mucha gente there were lots of o a lot of people there

sucedió hace mucho tiempo it happened a long time ago

¿tienes mucha hambre? are you very hungry?

una ciudad con mucha vida nocturna a city with plenty of night life

2 (pl) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

¿recibiste muchos regalos? did you get many o a lot of presents?

sus muchas obligaciones le impidieron asistir his many commitments prevented him from attending

muchos niños pasan hambre many children go hungry

seis hijos son muchos six children's a lot

somos muchos there are a lot of us

B ( sing)

1 ( fam)

(con valor plural): mucho elogio, mucho cumplido pero no me lo van a publicar they're full of praise and compliments but they're not going to publish it

hoy día hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí these days there are a lot of rogues around

2 ( fam)

(con valor ponderativo): era mucho jugador para un equipo tan mediocre he was much too good a player for a mediocre team like that

mucho³ - cha

pronoun

A

(refiriéndose a cantidad, número): mucho de lo que ha dicho es falso much o a lot of what he has said is untrue

tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do

si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask

muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …

muchos son los llamados pero pocos los elegidos ( Bib) many are called but few are chosen

B

mucho (refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

hace mucho que no vamos al teatro we haven't been to the theater for a long time o for ages

¿falta mucho para llegar? are we nearly there?, is it much further?

¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?

mucho antes de conocerte long o a long time before I met you

C ( en locs):

como mucho at (the) most

costará unos 30 dólares como mucho it probably costs about 30 dollars at (the) most

con mucho by far, easily

fue, con mucho, la mejor de la clase she was by far o easily the best in the class, she was the best in the class, by far

cuando mucho at (the) most

ni mucho menos: no pretendo aconsejarte ni mucho menos I'm in no way trying to give you advice

no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos he isn't a good pianist, far from it

* * *

mucho 1 adverbio
a) ‹salir/ayudar› a lot;

‹ trabajar› hard;
◊ no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot;

me gusta muchísimo I like it very much o a lot;
mucho mejor a lot better;
por mucho que insistas no matter how much you insist;
después de mucho discutir after much discussion
b) ( en respuestas):

◊ ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very;

¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
mucho 2
◊ - cha adjetivo

a) ( sing) a lot of;

(en oraciones negativas, interrogativas) much, a lot of;
◊ mucho vino a lot of wine;

no gano mucho dinero I don't earn much o a lot of money;
¿ves mucha televisión? do you watch much o a lot of television;
tiene mucha hambre he's very hungry
b) (pl) many, a lot of;

◊ había muchos extranjeros/muchas personas allí there were many o a lot of foreigners/people there;

hace muchos años many years ago
■ pronombre
1 ( referido a cantidad)
a) ( sing) a lot;

( en oraciones negativas) much;
◊ mucho de lo dicho a lot of what was said;

tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do;
eso no es mucho that's not much;
no queda mucha there isn't much left
b) (pl) many;

◊ muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …;

muchos de nosotros many of us
2
◊ mucho

a) ( referido a tiempo):

◊ hace mucho que no la veo I haven't seen her for a long time;

¿te falta mucho para terminar? will it take you long to finish?;
mucho antes long before;
¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?
b) ( en locs)

◊ como mucho at (the) most;

con mucho by far, easily;
ni mucho menos far from it;
por mucho que … however much …
mucho,-a
I adj indef
1 (abundante, numeroso) (en frases afirmativas) a lot of, lots of
mucha comida, a lot of food
muchos animales, lots of animals
(en frases negativas) much, many pl: no queda mucho azúcar, there isn't much sugar left
no conozco muchos sitios, I don't know many places
2 (intenso) very: tengo mucho calor/miedo, I'm very hot/scared
hizo mucho esfuerzo, he made a great effort
3 (demasiado) es mucha responsabilidad, it's too much responsibility
II pron
1 a lot, a great deal, many: muchos fuimos al baile, many/lots of us went to the dance
muchos de nosotros/vosotros, many of us/you
de ésos tengo muchos, I've got lots of those
III adverbio
1 (cantidad) a lot, very much: me arrepentí mucho, I was very sorry
2 (tiempo) hace mucho que desapareció, he went missing a long time ago
hace mucho que estamos aquí, we have been here for a long time
(a menudo) often: vamos mucho al cine, we go to the cinema quite often
♦ Locuciones: como mucho, at the most
con mucho, by far
¡ni mucho menos!, no way!
por mucho (que), however much
Recuerda que el singular es much, el plural es many, y que estas dos palabras se suelen usar en frases negativas (no tengo demasiado tiempo, I haven't got much time), mientras que a lot (of) y lots (of) se encuentran en frases afirmativas: Tengo mucho dinero. I've got a lot of/lots of money. En frases interrogativas se usa tanto much y many como a lot o lots of: ¿Tienes mucho dinero?, Have you got much/ a lot of/lots of money? Sin embargo, en preguntas que empiezan por how sólo puedes emplear much o many: ¿Cuánto dinero tienes?, How much money have you got?
' mucho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abandonarse
- abrigar
- abultar
- achicharrar
- achicharrarse
- acoger
- adelantar
- adentro
- adorar
- afear
- afecta
- afectar
- afecto
- agradecer
- alejarse
- antes
- aparato
- aprecio
- aprovechar
- ascendiente
- avejentarse
- avenida
- avenido
- bailar
- bastante
- boato
- bombo
- brío
- cacarear
- caché
- cachet
- calor
- carácter
- cariño
- carrete
- cascar
- cervical
- chapar
- chiflar
- cocerse
- coco
- comer
- contraponer
- costar
- cuando
- de
- deber
- decaer
- decir
- defraudar
English:
ability
- ado
- afraid
- age
- ago
- agony
- all-out
- alone
- anywhere
- around
- as
- attract
- attuned to
- backlog
- badly
- bake
- balance
- be
- best
- booze
- bulky
- busywork
- capital
- cautious
- chalk
- challenging
- charisma
- come along
- come into
- commotion
- concern
- deal
- dear
- demand
- devoted
- difficult
- do
- dog days
- doing
- easily
- emotional
- enthusiastic
- esteem
- exhilarate
- experience
- extravagant
- fancy
- far
- fat
- few

* * *

mucho, -a

♦ adj

1. [gran cantidad de] a lot of;

comemos mucho pescado/mucha verdura we eat a lot of fish/vegetables;

había mucha gente there were a lot of people there;

producen muchos residuos they produce a lot of waste;

tengo muchos más/menos amigos que tú I've got a lot more/fewer friends than you;

no tengo mucho tiempo I haven't got much o a lot of time;

no nos quedan muchas entradas we haven't got many o a lot of tickets left;

¿hay muchas cosas que hacer? are there a lot of things to do?, is there much to do?;

no tengo muchas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;

tengo mucho sueño I'm very sleepy;

hoy hace mucho calor it's very hot today;

hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;

¡mucha suerte! the best of luck!;

¡muchas gracias! thank you very much!

2. (singular) [demasiado]
hay mucho niño aquí there are rather a lot of kids here;

mucha sal me parece que le estás echando I think you're overdoing the salt a bit, I think you're adding a bit too much salt;

ésta es mucha casa para mí this house is much too big for me;
Fam
es mucho hombre he's a real man;

es mucho coche para un conductor novato it's far too powerful a car for an inexperienced driver;

es mucha mujer para ti she's out of your league!;
Fam
mucho lujo y mucho camarero trajeado pero la comida es horrible it's all very luxurious and full of smartly dressed waiters, but the food's terrible

♦ pron
(singular) a lot;
* * *

mucho

I adj

1 singular a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb

much;

mucho tiempo a lot of time;

no tengo mucho tiempo I don’t have a lot of time o much time;

tengo mucho frío I am very cold;

es mucho coche para mí this car’s too much for me

2 plural a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb

many;

muchos amigos a lot of friends;

no tengo muchos amigos I don’t have a lot of friends o many friends

II pron

1 singular a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb

much;

no tengo mucho I don’t have much o a lot

2 plural a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb

many;

no tengo muchos I don’t have many o a lot;

muchos creen que … a lot of people o many people think that …

III adv

1 a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb

much;

¿cuesta mucho? does it cost a lot o much?;

nos vemos mucho we see each other often o a lot;

hace mucho que no te veo I haven’t seen you for a long time;

¿dura/tarda mucho? does it last/take long?

2

:

como mucho at the most;

10 meses dan para mucho o

dan mucho de sí you can do a lot in 10 months;

no es ni con mucho he is far from being …;

ni mucho menos far from it;

por mucho que however much

* * *

mucho adv

1) : much, a lot

mucho más: much more

le gusta mucho: he likes it a lot

2) : long, a long time

tardó mucho en venir: he was a long time getting here

3)

por mucho que : no matter how much

mucho, - cha adj

1) : a lot of, many, much

mucha gente: a lot of people

hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo: I haven't seen him in ages

2)

muchas veces : often

mucho, - cha pron

1) : a lot, many, much

hay mucho que hacer: there is a lot to do

muchas no vinieron: many didn't come

2)

cuando mucho or

como mucho : at most

3)

con mucho : by far

4)

ni mucho menos : not at all, far from it

* * *

mucho¹ adj

1. (en general) a lot of / lots of

como mucho queso I eat a lot of cheese

lee muchos libros he reads a lot of books lots of es lo mismo que a lot of, pero un poco más familiar

como mucho queso I eat lots of cheese Much es singular y suele sustituir a lot of en frases negativas e interrogativas

no tenemos mucho tiempo we haven't got much time

¿ganas mucho dinero? do you earn much money? many es plural y suele sustituir a lot of en frases negativas e interrogativas

no tiene muchos amigos he hasn't got many friends

¿marcaste muchos goles? did you score many goals?

2. (otras expresiones) very

hace mucho calor it's very hot

tengo muchas ganas de verte I'm really looking forward to seeing you

mucho² adv

1. (en general) a lot

esta planta ha crecido mucho this plant has grown a lot

los atletas se entrenan mucho athletes train a lot

me gusta mucho I like it a lot

trabajamos mucho we work hard

lo siento mucho I'm very sorry / I'm really sorry

2. (comparaciones) much

era mucho más fácil de lo que pensaba it was much easier than I thought

comes mucho más que yo you eat much more than me

3. (mucho tiempo) a long time

hace mucho que no te veo I haven't see you for a long time

como mucho at the most

ni con mucho nowhere near as

ni mucho menos far from

no está acabado, ni mucho menos it is far from finished

por mucho que however much

mucho³ pron

1. (en singular frases afirmativas) a lot

aún me queda mucho por hacer I've still got a lot left to do

2. (en singular frases negativas e interrogativas) much / a lot

no es mucho lo que pides you're not asking for much

3. (con plurales) many / a lot

muchos de sus amigos acudieron many of his friends came

Spanish-English dictionary > mucho
12 غير

غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب)‏ \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب)‏ \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول)‏ \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل)‏ \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان)‏ \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب)‏ \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز)‏ \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف)‏ \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم)‏ \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart.

Arabic-English dictionary > غير
13 tanto

adj.

so much, all that much, that much, as much.

adv.

so much, such a lot, so, so very much.

pron.

as much, so much, all that much, that much.

m.

1 portion, certain amount.

2 score point, point.

* * *

tanto

► adjetivo

1 (incontables) so much; (contables) so many

■ no cojas tanta leche don't take so much milk

■ no comas tantos caramelos don't eat so many sweets

■ ¡tengo tanto calor! I'm so hot!

■ ¡ha pasado tanto tiempo! it's been so long!

2 (comparación - incontable) as much; (- contables) as many

■ trajo tanto pan como yo he brought as much bread as I did

■ tengo tantos libros como tú I've got as many books as you

► pronombre

1 (incontable) so much; (contable) so many

■ no había tantos there weren't so many

► adverbio

1 (cantidad) so much

■ ¡te quiero tanto! I love you so much!

■ lo siento tanto I'm so sorry

2 (tiempo) so long

■ esperamos tanto we waited for so long

■ hace tanto que no viene it's a long time since he last came

3 (frecuencia) so often

■ no los telefonees tanto don't phone them so often

► nombre masculino tanto

1 (punto) point; (fútbol) goal

2 (cantidad imprecisa) so much, a certain amount

■ percibes un tanto al mes you get so much a month

3 (poco) bit

■ es un tanto estrecho it's a bit narrow

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a las tantas familiar very late, at an unearthly hour

a tantos de sometime in

■ fue a tantos de enero it was sometime in January

apuntar un tanto / marcar un tanto (gen) to score a point 2 (fútbol) to score a goal

con tanto / de tanto with so much

■ se quedó afónica de tanto gritar she lost her voice with shouting so much

cuanto más... tanto más... the more... the more...

en tanto / entre tanto / mientras tanto meanwhile

eso es tanto como... that is like...

estar al tanto (informado) to be informed 2 (alerta) to be on the alert

ni tanto ni tan poco / ni tanto ni tan calvo familiar neither one extreme nor the other

no es para tanto / no hay para tanto it's not that bad

no será tanto it can't be as bad as you make out

otro tanto as much again, the same again

por lo tanto therefore

ser uno de tantos / ser una de tantos to be nothing special

tanto cuanto as much as

tanto más / tanto menos all the more / all the less

tanto mejor / tanto peor so much the better / so much the worse

tanto si... como si... whether... or...

■ tanto si quieres como si no whether you like it or not

uno de tantos / una de tantas run-of-the-mill

... y tantos /... y tantas (cantidad) odd 2 (año) something

■ treinta y tantos libros thirty odd books

■ en el año cuarenta y tantos in nineteen forty something

tanto por ciento percentage

————————

tanto

► nombre masculino

1 (punto) point; (fútbol) goal

2 (cantidad imprecisa) so much, a certain amount

■ percibes un tanto al mes you get so much a month

3 (poco) bit

■ es un tanto estrecho it's a bit narrow

* * *
1. noun m.
1) point, goal

2) certain amount

3) rate

•

- tanto por ciento
2. (f. - tanta)
adj.

1) so many, so much, such

2) as many, as much
3. adv.
1) so much

2) so long

•

- al tanto
- entre tanto
- por lo tanto
- un tanto 4. (f. - tanta)
pron.

so many, so much

* * *

1. ADJ

1) [indicando gran cantidad] [en singular] so much; [en plural] so many

ahora no bebo tanta leche — I don't drink so o as much milk now

tiene tanto dinero que no sabe qué hacer con él — he has so much money he doesn't know what to do with it

¡tuve tanta suerte! — I was so lucky!

¡tengo tantas cosas que hacer hoy! — I have so many things to do today!

había tantos coches que no había donde aparcar — there were so many cars that there was nowhere to park

• tanto... como — [en singular] as much... as; [en plural] as many... as

tiene tanto dinero como yo — he has as much money as I do

no recibe tantas llamadas como yo — he doesn't get as many calls as I do

• tanto gusto — how do you do?, pleased to meet you

2) [indicando cantidad indeterminada]

había cuarenta y tantos invitados — there were forty-odd guests

hay otros tantos candidatos — there are as many more candidates, there's the same number of candidates again

se dividen el trabajo en otras tantas partes — they divide up the work into a like number of parts

2. PRON

1) (=gran cantidad) [en singular] so much; [en plural] so many

gana tanto — he earns so much

no necesitamos tantas — we don't need so many

vinieron tantos que no cabían en la sala — so many people came that they wouldn't all fit into the room

• tanto como — [en singular] as much as; [en plural] as many as

gano tanto como tú — I earn as much as you

coge tantos como quieras — take as many as you like

• es uno de tantos — he's nothing special

2) (=cantidad indeterminada)

nació en el mil novecientos cuarenta y tantos — she was born in nineteen forty-something o some time in the forties

a tantos de marzo — on such and such a day in March

yo no sé qué tantos de libros hay — I don't know how many books there are

las tantas (de la madrugada o de la noche) —

el tren llegó a las tantas — the train arrived really late o in the middle of the night

estar fuera hasta las tantas — to stay out until all hours

-¿qué hora es? -deben de ser las tantas — "what's the time?" - "it must be pretty late"

3) [otras locuciones]

• entre tanto — meanwhile

• mientras tanto — meanwhile

• no es para tanto — [al quejarse] it's not as bad as all that; [al enfadarse] there's no need to get like that about it

• por lo tanto — so, therefore

ni tanto así —

no nos desvíamos ni tanto así — we didn't deviate even by this much

no le tengo ni tanto así de lástima — I haven't a scrap of pity for him

¡y tanto! —

-¿necesitarás unas vacaciones? -¡y tanto! — "do you need a holiday?" - "you bet I do!"

3. ADV

1) [con verbos] [indicando duración, cantidad] so much; [indicando frecuencia] so often

se preocupa tanto que no puede dormir — he gets so worried that he can't sleep, he worries so much that he can't sleep

estoy cansada de tanto andar — I'm tired after all this walking

¡cuesta tanto comprar una casa! — buying a house is such hard work!

no deberías trabajar tanto — you shouldn't work so hard

¡no corras tanto! — don't run so fast!

ya no vamos tanto al cine — we don't go to the cinema so o as much any more

ahora no la veo tanto — I don't see so o as much of her now, I don't see her so often now

• tanto como, él gasta tanto como yo — he spends as much as I do o as me

tanto como corre, va a perder la carrera — he may be a fast runner, but he's still going to lose the race

tanto como habla no dice más que tonterías — all his talk is just hot air

tanto tú como yo — both you and I

tanto si viene como si no — whether he comes or not

• tanto es así que — so much so that
montar 2., 3)
2) [con adjetivos, adverbios]

los dos son ya mayores, aunque su mujer no tanto — the two of them are elderly, although his wife less so

• tanto como, es difícil, pero tanto como eso no creo — it's difficult, but not that difficult

es un poco tacaño, pero tanto como estafador, no — he's a bit on the mean side, but I wouldn't go so far as to call him a swindler

• es tanto más difícil — it is all the more difficult

es tanto más loable cuanto que... — it is all the more praiseworthy because...

• tanto mejor — so much the better

tanto mejor para ti — so much the better for you

• tanto peor — so much the worse

tanto peor para ti — it's your loss o that's just too bad

- ¡ni tanto ni tan calvo!

3) [en locuciones conjuntivas]

• en tanto — as (being)

estoy en contra de la leyes en tanto sistema represivo — I am against laws as (being) a repressive system

• en tanto que — (=mientras que) while; (=como) as

no puede haber democracia en tanto que siga habiendo torturas — for as long as there is torture, there can never be democracy, there cannot be democracy while there is torture

la Iglesia en tanto que institución — the Church as an institution

4. SM

1) (=cantidad)

me paga un tanto fijo cada semana — he pays me a fixed amount each week

cobra un tanto por página — he gets so much per page

¿qué tanto será? — LAm how much (is it)?

• otro tanto, las máquinas costaron otro tanto — the machines cost as much again o the same again

tanto alzado — fixed price

por un tanto alzado — for a fixed rate

tanto por ciento — percentage

2) (=punto) (Ftbl, Hockey) goal; (Baloncesto, Tenis) point

Juárez marcó el segundo tanto — Juárez scored the second goal

marcó dos tantos — he scored twice

• apuntar los tantos — to keep score

tanto a favor — goal for, point for

tanto del honor — consolation goal

tanto en contra — goal against, point against
apuntarse 3)
3)

• estar al tanto — to be up to date

estar al tanto de los acontecimientos — to be fully abreast of events

• mantener a algn al tanto de algo — to keep sb informed about sth

• poner a algn al tanto de algo — to put sb in the picture about sth

4)

• un tanto — [como adv] rather

estoy un tanto cansado — I'm rather tired

* * *
I
adverbio

1) [see note under tan] ( aplicado a adjetivo o adverbio) so; ( aplicado a verbo) so much

es tan difícil de describir — it's so difficult to describe

es una chica tan amable! — she's such a nice girl!

si es así, tanto mejor — if that's the case, so much the better

y si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti — and if you don't like it, too bad o (colloq) tough!

la tan esperada boda — the long-awaited wedding

no es tan difícil — it's not that difficult

ya no salimos tanto — nowadays we don't go out so often o so much

tan/tanto... que — so... (that)

tanto insistió que me quedé — he was so insistent that I stayed

tan/tanto... como — as... as

no es tan tímida como parece — she's not as shy as she looks

sale tanto como tú — he goes out as much o as often as you do

tan pronto como le sea posible — as soon as you can

no han mejorado tanto como para poder ganar — they haven't improved enough to win

tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra — both Suárez and Vargas voted against

no lo reconocí de tan viejo que estaba — he had aged so much I didn't recognize him

2) (AmL exc RPl)

qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?; ¿qué tanto hay de cierto en eso? — how much of it is true?

3) para locs ver tanto III 2)
II
- ta adjetivo

1)

a) (sing) so much; (pl) so many

había tanto espacio/tantos niños — there was so much space/there were so many children

tiene tanta fuerza...! — she has such strength...!

tanto tiempo sin verte! — it's been so long!

tanto/tantos... como as much/as many...as; sufro tanto como ella I suffer as much as she does; no hubo tantos turistas como el año pasado there weren't been as many o so many tourists as last year; tengo tanta suerte como tú — I'm as lucky as you are

b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)

tenía setenta y tantos años — he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd (colloq)

cincuenta y tantos pesos — fifty and something pesos

2) (sing) (fam) ( con valor plural) so many

había tanto mosquitos — there were so many mosquitoes
III
- ta pronombre

1)

a) (sing) so much; (pl) so many

quería azúcar, pero no tanta — I wanted sugar but not that much

es uno de tantos — he's one of many

tengo tanto que hacer! — I've so much to do!

¿de verdad gana tanto? — does he really earn that much?

ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco — there's no need to go that far

no ser para tanto — (fam)

no te pongas así, no es para tanto — come on, there's no need to get like that about it

duele, pero no es para tanto — it hurts, but it's not that bad

tanto tienes tanto vales — you are what you own

b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)

hasta las tantas de la madrugada — until the early hours of the morning

en mil ochocientos treinta y tantos — in eighteen thirty-something

cincuenta y tantas — fifty-odd, fifty or so

c) tanto ( refiriéndose a tiempo) so long

hace tanto que no me llama — it's been so long since she called me

aún faltan dos horas - ¿tanto? — there's still two hours to go - what? that long?

2) (en locs)

en tanto — while

en tanto + subj — as long as, so long as

en tanto tú estés aquí — as long as you're here

entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime

hasta tanto + subj — (frml)

hasta tanto (no) se solucione este conflicto — until this conflict is solved

otro tanto — as much again

me queda otro tanto por hacer — I have as much again still to do

cuesta $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto — it costs $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much again

otro tanto cabe decir de... — the same can be said of...

por (lo) tanto — therefore

tan siquiera: no pudo ni tan siquiera gritar he couldn't even shout; cómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers; si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!; tan sólo only; tanto es así que... so much so that...; tanto más cuanto que... — especially since...
IV
masculino

1) ( cantidad)

un tanto por ciento — a certain percentage

hay que dejar un tanto de depósito — you have to put down a certain amount as a deposit

2) ( punto - en fútbol) goal; (- en fútbol americano) point; (- en tenis, en juegos) point

apuntarse un tanto — to score a point

3) (en locs)

al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture; mantenerse al tanto de to keep up to date with; te mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informed; estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq); ya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happened; un tanto triste — somewhat o rather o a little sad

* * *
I
adverbio

1) [see note under tan] ( aplicado a adjetivo o adverbio) so; ( aplicado a verbo) so much

es tan difícil de describir — it's so difficult to describe

es una chica tan amable! — she's such a nice girl!

si es así, tanto mejor — if that's the case, so much the better

y si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti — and if you don't like it, too bad o (colloq) tough!

la tan esperada boda — the long-awaited wedding

no es tan difícil — it's not that difficult

ya no salimos tanto — nowadays we don't go out so often o so much

tan/tanto... que — so... (that)

tanto insistió que me quedé — he was so insistent that I stayed

tan/tanto... como — as... as

no es tan tímida como parece — she's not as shy as she looks

sale tanto como tú — he goes out as much o as often as you do

tan pronto como le sea posible — as soon as you can

no han mejorado tanto como para poder ganar — they haven't improved enough to win

tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra — both Suárez and Vargas voted against

no lo reconocí de tan viejo que estaba — he had aged so much I didn't recognize him

2) (AmL exc RPl)

qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?; ¿qué tanto hay de cierto en eso? — how much of it is true?

3) para locs ver tanto III 2)
II
- ta adjetivo

1)

a) (sing) so much; (pl) so many

había tanto espacio/tantos niños — there was so much space/there were so many children

tiene tanta fuerza...! — she has such strength...!

tanto tiempo sin verte! — it's been so long!

tanto/tantos... como as much/as many...as; sufro tanto como ella I suffer as much as she does; no hubo tantos turistas como el año pasado there weren't been as many o so many tourists as last year; tengo tanta suerte como tú — I'm as lucky as you are

b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)

tenía setenta y tantos años — he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd (colloq)

cincuenta y tantos pesos — fifty and something pesos

2) (sing) (fam) ( con valor plural) so many

había tanto mosquitos — there were so many mosquitoes
III
- ta pronombre

1)

a) (sing) so much; (pl) so many

quería azúcar, pero no tanta — I wanted sugar but not that much

es uno de tantos — he's one of many

tengo tanto que hacer! — I've so much to do!

¿de verdad gana tanto? — does he really earn that much?

ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco — there's no need to go that far

no ser para tanto — (fam)

no te pongas así, no es para tanto — come on, there's no need to get like that about it

duele, pero no es para tanto — it hurts, but it's not that bad

tanto tienes tanto vales — you are what you own

b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)

hasta las tantas de la madrugada — until the early hours of the morning

en mil ochocientos treinta y tantos — in eighteen thirty-something

cincuenta y tantas — fifty-odd, fifty or so

c) tanto ( refiriéndose a tiempo) so long

hace tanto que no me llama — it's been so long since she called me

aún faltan dos horas - ¿tanto? — there's still two hours to go - what? that long?

2) (en locs)

en tanto — while

en tanto + subj — as long as, so long as

en tanto tú estés aquí — as long as you're here

entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime

hasta tanto + subj — (frml)

hasta tanto (no) se solucione este conflicto — until this conflict is solved

otro tanto — as much again

me queda otro tanto por hacer — I have as much again still to do

cuesta $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto — it costs $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much again

otro tanto cabe decir de... — the same can be said of...

por (lo) tanto — therefore

tan siquiera: no pudo ni tan siquiera gritar he couldn't even shout; cómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers; si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!; tan sólo only; tanto es así que... so much so that...; tanto más cuanto que... — especially since...
IV
masculino

1) ( cantidad)

un tanto por ciento — a certain percentage

hay que dejar un tanto de depósito — you have to put down a certain amount as a deposit

2) ( punto - en fútbol) goal; (- en fútbol americano) point; (- en tenis, en juegos) point

apuntarse un tanto — to score a point

3) (en locs)

al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture; mantenerse al tanto de to keep up to date with; te mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informed; estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq); ya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happened; un tanto triste — somewhat o rather o a little sad

* * *

tanto¹

* al tanto = in the know, in step.

* al tanto de = on the lookout for, on the alert for, in step with.

* debe por lo tanto ser una consecuencia lógica que = it must therefore follow that.

* en tanto por ciento = percentage-wise.

* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.

* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.

* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.

* mientras tanto = in (the) meantime, meantime, ad interim.

* no estar al tanto de = be out of touch with.

* otros tantos = as many.

* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.

* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.

* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.

* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.

* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

tanto²

= so much, so + Participio, quite so much.

Ex: It is rather a pity that book reviewers tend to ignore this very popular genre so much.

Ex: On the other hand, 626 is now unused, for the subject to which it was originally allocated, Canal engineering, has so decreased in importance that it no longer justifies a separate heading.

Ex: But we are not then acting quite so much out of blindness or inarticulateness; we are selfishly or fearfully or wilfully trying to short-circuit what we know underneath to be more nearly the true state of things.

* cada tanto = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.

* cada tantos minutos = every few minutes.

* cada tantos + Período de Tiempo = every few + Período de Tiempo.

* cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.

* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.

* con tan buenos resultados = to such good effect.

* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.

* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.

* con tanta frecuencia = so often.

* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.

* dinero que tanto ha costado ganar = hard-earned money.

* durante tanto tiempo = for so long, so long.

* durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.

* en tanto en cuanto = as long as, so long as.

* en tanto en cuanto que = inasmuch as, insomuch as.

* en tanto en cuanto + Subjuntivo = provided (that).

* en tanto que = insofar as [in so far as].

* es por lo tanto deducible = it therefore follows that.

* es por lo tanto lógico que = it therefore follows that.

* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.

* estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish, moreish.

* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.

* no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.

* no tan bueno = not-so-good.

* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.

* ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.

* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.

* tan = all too + Adjetivo.

* tan + Adjetivo = most + Adjetivo, so + Adjetivo, as + Adjetivo + as that.

* tan + Adjetivo/Adverbio = all that + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* tan + Adjetivo + como = as + Adjetivo + as, every bit as + Adjetivo + as.

* tan + Adjetivo + como de costumbre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.

* tan + Adjetivo + como siempre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.

* tan + Adverbio = ever so + Adverbio.

* tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.

* tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.

* tan a menudo = so often.

* tan anunciado = much-vaunted, much-touted, long-heralded, much-heralded.

* tan astuto como un zorro = as sly as a fox, as wily as a fox.

* tan borracho como una cuba = as drunk as a lord, as drunk as a newt, as drunk as a skunk.

* tan bueno como ningún otro = as good as any.

* tan cacareado = much-vaunted, much-touted, long-heralded, much-heralded, much acclaimed.

* tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.

* tan duro como el pedernal = as hard as nails.

* tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.

* tan duro como la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* tan fácil como coser y cantar = as simple as ABC.

* tan famoso = much acclaimed.

* tan fresco = as cool as a cucumber.

* tan inocente como un bebé = as innocent as a lamb.

* tan lejano como = as far afield as.

* tan lejos como = as far away as.

* tan manso como un cordero = as meek as a lamb.

* tan pancho = as cool as a cucumber, unfazed.

* tan pregonado = much-vaunted.

* tan pronto = quite so soon.

* tan pronto como = as soon as, just as soon as, no sooner... than.

* tan pronto como + Pronombre + sea posible = at + Posesivo + earliest convenience.

* tan pronto como sea posible = as soon as possible (asap), at an early a juncture as possible.

* tan querido de todos = so beloved of all.

* tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.

* tan rápido como una liebre = as quick as a wink.

* tan rápido como un rayo = as quick as a wink.

* tan rápido como un relámpago = as quick as a wink.

* tan renombrado = much acclaimed.

* tan simple como = with as little ado as.

* tan sordo como una tapia = as deaf as a post.

* tan sorprendente como pueda parecer = as amazing as it seems.

* tan suave como el terciopelo = as smooth as silk, as soft as velvet.

* tan suave como la seda = as soft as silk, as smooth as silk.

* tan suave como un guante = as meek as a lamb.

* tanto como = as many... as..., as much as + Adjetivo, both... and..., no less than, equally, if not, so much as.

* tanto como sea posible = as far as possible.

* tanto como siempre = as much as ever.

* tanto es así que = so much so that.

* tanto mejor = so much the better.

* tanto por ciento = percentage.

* tanto que = so much so that, insomuch that.

* tantos = so many.

* tanto tiempo = so much time, this long, such a very long time.

* tan tranquilo = unfazed.

* tardar tanto tiempo en = take + so long to.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the machine.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel.

* un tanto + Adjetivo = vaguely + Adjetivo.

tanto³

³ = goal.

Ex: Kristen Taylor leads Carolina with three goals and an assist.

* encargado de anotar los tantos = scorer.

* marcar un tanto = score, poach + a goal, score + goal.

* tanto de la victoria = winning goal.

* tanto del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].

* * *

tanto¹

adverb

A [ see note under tan] (aplicado a un adjetivo o adverbio) so; (aplicado a un verbo) so much

es tan difícil de describir it's so difficult to describe

¡es una chica tan amable! she's such a nice girl!

¡te he echado tanto de menos! I've missed you so much!

si es así, tanto mejor if that's the case, so much the better

y si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti and if you don't like it, too bad o ( colloq) tough!

vamos, no es tan difícil come on, it's not that difficult

¡y tanto! and how!

el tan esperado acontecimiento the long-awaited event

ya no cenamos afuera tanto nowadays we don't eat out so often o so much

de tanto que habla te marea he talks so much he makes your head spin

es tanto más importante cuanto que es su única fuente de ingresos ( frml); it is all the more important because it is his only source of income

no deberías trabajar/gastar tanto you shouldn't work so hard/spend so much

tan/tanto … QUE:

llegó tan tarde que ya no había nadie he arrived so late (that) everybody had gone

tanto insistió que no tuve más remedio que quedarme he was so insistent that I just had to stay

tan/tanto … COMO:

no es tan tímida como parece she's not as shy as she looks

sale tanto como tú/como se lo permiten los compromisos he goes out as much o as often as you do/as his commitments allow

tan pronto como le sea posible as soon as you can, as soon as possible

no han mejorado tanto como para poder ganar el torneo they haven't improved enough to win the tournament

tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra both Suárez and Vargas voted against

te lo cobran tanto si lo comes como si no lo comes they charge you for it whether you eat it or not

B

( AmL exc CS): qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?

es difícil decir qué tanto hay de autobiográfico en la novela it is difficult to say how much of the novel is autobiographical

C para locs ver tanto³ pron B. (↑ tanto (3))

tanto² -ta

adjective

A

1 ( sing) so much; (pl) so many

no sabía que había tanto espacio/tantas habitaciones I didn't know there was so much space/there were so many rooms

había tantísima gente ( fam); there were so many o such a lot of people

¡tiene tanta fuerza …! she has such strength …!, she is so strong …!

¡tanto tiempo sin verte! it's been so long!, it's been such a long time!

tanto … QUE:

comió tanto chocolate que le hizo mal he ate so much chocolate (that) it made him ill

tanto … COMO:

tengo tanto derecho como el que más I've got as much right as anyone else o as the next man

no ha habido tantos turistas como el año pasado there haven't been as many o so many tourists as last year

2 ( fam)

(expresando cantidades indeterminadas): tenía setenta y tantos años he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd ( colloq)

mil quinientos y tantos pesos one thousand five hundred and something pesos, fifteen hundred something pesos ( AmE)

B ( sing) ( fam) (con valor plural) so many

había tanto mosquito que no pudimos dormir there were so many mosquitoes we couldn't sleep

tanto³ -ta

pronoun

A

1 ( sing) so much; (pl) so many

¿no querías azúcar? — sí, pero no tanta didn't you want sugar? — yes, but not that much

vinieron tantos que no alcanzaron los asientos so many people came there weren't enough seats

es uno de tantos he's one of many

¡tengo tanto que hacer! I've so much to do!

¿de verdad gana tanto? does he really earn that much?

ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco there's no need to go that far

no es para tanto ( fam): no te pongas así, hombre; tampoco es para tanto come on, there's no need to get like that about it

duele un poco, pero no es para tanto it hurts a bit, but it's not that bad

no pinta mal pero tampoco es para tanto she's not a bad artist but she's not that good

tanto monta, monta tanto ( Esp); it makes no difference, it's as broad as it is long ( colloq)

tanto tienes, tanto vales you are what you own

2 ( fam)

(expresando cantidades indeterminadas): hasta las tantas de la madrugada until the early hours of the morning

te cobran tanto por folio/por minuto they charge you so much a sheet/a minute

en el año mil ochocientos treinta y tantos in eighteen thirty-something

cincuenta y tantas fifty-odd, fifty or so

3

tanto (refiriéndose a tiempo) so long

hace tanto que no me llama she hasn't called me for such a long time o for so long, it's been so long since she called me

todavía faltan dos horas — ¿tanto? there's still two hours to go — what? that long?

B ( en locs):

en tanto while

en tanto ella atendía a los clientes, él cocinaba while she served the customers, he did the cooking

en tanto + SUBJ as long as, so long as

en tanto tú estés aquí as long as you're here

en tanto que ( frml) (como) as; (dado que) inasmuch as ( frml), insofar as ( frml)

entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime

hasta tanto + SUBJ

( frml): hasta tanto (no) se solucione este conflicto until this conflict is solved

otro tanto: otro tanto cabe decir de su política exterior the same can be said of their foreign policy

me queda otro tanto por hacer I have as many again still to do

cuesta unos $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto it costs about $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much again

por (lo) tanto therefore

tan siquiera: ¡si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!

no le escribió ni tan siquiera una notita he didn't even write her a little note

cómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers o buy her some flowers, at least

tan sólo only

tenía tan sólo cuatro años he was only four years old

por tan sólo dos mil pesos for only o for as little as two thousand pesos

tanto es así or tan así es so much so

se sentía mal, tanto es así que no quiso comer she felt ill, so much so that she didn't want anything to eat

tanto más cuanto que specially since, all the more so because

es importante, tanto más cuanto que es su única fuente de ingresos it's important, specially since o all the more so because it's his only source of income

tanto⁴

masculine

A

(cantidad): recibe un tanto por ciento por cada venta she gets a percentage o a certain percentage on every sale

tienes que entregar un tanto de depósito you have to put down so much o a certain amount as a deposit

B (punto — en fútbol) goal; (— en fútbol americano) point; (— en tenis, en juegos) point

apuntarse un tanto to score a point

C ( en locs):

al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture

me mantengo al tanto de lo que pasa en el mundo I keep abreast of o I keep up to date with what is going on in the world

te mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informed

ya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happened

estáte al tanto para cuando venga keep an eye out for him ( colloq)

un tanto somewhat, rather, a little

un tanto triste somewhat o rather o a little sad

* * *

tanto 1 adverbio
1 [ see note under
◊ tan ] ( aplicado a adjetivo o adverbio) so;

( aplicado a verbo) so much;
◊ es tan bonito it's so beautiful;

¡es una chica tan amable! she's such a nice girl!;
tanto mejor so much the better;
tan solo only;
tanto es así que … so much so that …;
ya no salimos tanto we don't go out so often o so much now;
llegó tan tarde que … he arrived so late (that) …;
no es tan tímida como parece she's not as shy as she looks;
sale tanto como tú he goes out as much as you do;
tan pronto como puedas as soon as you can;
tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra both Suárez and Vargas voted against
2 (AmL exc RPl)
◊ qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tanto te duele? how much does it hurt?;

¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?
■ sustantivo masculino
1 ( cantidad):
◊ un tanto por ciento a percentage;

hay que dejar un tanto de depósito you have to put down a certain amount as a deposit
2 ( punto — en fútbol) goal;
(— en fútbol americano, tenis, juegos) point
3 ( en locs)
◊ al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture;

mantenerse al tanto de algo to keep up to date with sth;
estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq);
está al tanto de lo ocurrido he knows what's happened;
un tanto somewhat, rather;
un tanto triste somewhat sad
tanto 2
◊ -ta adjetivo

a) ( sing) so much;

(pl) so many;
◊ había tanto espacio/tantos niños there was so much space/there were so many children;

¡tanto tiempo sin verte! it's been so long!;
tanto dinero/tantos turistas como … as much money/as many tourists as …
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas):

◊ tenía setenta y tantos años he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd (colloq)

■ pronombre
1
a) ( sing) so much;

(pl) so many;
◊ ¡tengo tanto que hacer! I've so much to do!;

vinieron tantos que … so many people came (that) …;
¿de verdad gana tanto? does he really earn that much?;
no ser para tanto (fam): duele, pero no es para tanto it hurts, but it's not that bad
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas):

◊ hasta las tantas de la madrugada until the early hours of the morning;

treinta y tantas thirty or so
c) ( refiriéndose a tiempo):

◊ hace tanto que no me llama it's been so long since she called me;

aún faltan dos horas — ¿tanto? there's still two hours to go — what? that long?
2 ( en locs)
◊ en tanto while;

entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime;
otro tanto as much again;
me queda otro tanto por hacer I have as much again still to do;
por (lo) tanto therefore
tanto,-a
I adjetivo & pron
1 (gran cantidad, mucho) (con singular) so much
(con plural) so many: ¿cómo puedes ahorrar tanto (dinero)?, how are you able to save so much money?
no necesito tantos folios, I don't need so many sheets of paper
¡hace tanto tiempo!, it's been so long!
no es para tanto, it's not that bad
2 (cantidad imprecisa) le costó cuarenta y tantos dólares, it cost her forty-odd dollars
tiene cincuenta y tantos años, he's fifty something o fifty-odd
3 (en comparaciones: con singular) as much
(: en plural) as many: tiene tantos amigos como tú, he has as many friends as you
II adverbio tanto 1 (hasta tal punto) so much: no deberías beber tanto, you shouldn't drink so much
si vienes con nosotros, tanto mejor, if you come with us, so much the better
tanto peor, so much the worse
2 (referido a tiempo) so long: tardé un mes en escribirlo, - ¿tanto?, I spent one month writing it, - so long?
(a menudo) ya no sale tanto, nowadays he doesn't go out so often
III sustantivo masculino tanto 1 Dep point
Ftb goal
2 (una cantidad determinada) a certain amount
♦ Locuciones: figurado apuntarse un tanto, to score a point
estar al tanto, to be up-to-date
poner al tanto, to put sb in the picture
a las tantas: me llamó a las tantas de la madrugada/de la noche, she phoned me in the early hours of the morning/very late at night
entre tanto, meanwhile
otro tanto, as much again
por lo tanto, therefore
tanto (...) como (...), both: tanto Pedro como María, both Pedro and María
tanto por ciento, percentage
un tanto, somewhat, rather, a bit
un tanto cansado, rather tired
¡y tanto!, and how!
' tanto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alquilar
- amargada
- amargado
- atonía
- bar
- calva
- calvo
- ciento
- cuñada
- cuñado
- embrutecerse
- empañar
- escarnio
- fastidio
- griterío
- gusto
- hartar
- hermano
- histórica
- histórico
- idiotizar
- licuación
- marcar
- mejor
- mientras
- mucha
- mucho
- normal
- objeto
- padre
- para
- parecerse
- permitirse
- que
- ronca
- ronco
- satisfacción
- sobrino
- tanta
- tela
- toda
- todo
- tutearse
- ver
- vencerse
- anotar
- anular
- apuntar
- arreglar
- así
English:
acquaint
- all
- alone
- as
- awaken
- ball
- better
- bog down
- both
- critical
- delay
- din
- ear
- excitement
- fall apart
- fuss over
- hence
- labour
- lie down
- meantime
- meanwhile
- monopolize
- much
- must
- name
- neither
- packaging
- picture
- point
- privy
- rupture
- score
- scorer
- so
- somewhat
- song
- spin out
- stretch out
- such
- that
- therefore
- this
- whereas
- work
- alike
- begrudge
- cope
- every
- fail
- follow

* * *

tanto, -a

♦ adj

1. [gran cantidad] [singular] so much;
[plural] so many;
tanto dinero so much money, such a lot of money;

tanta gente so many people;

tiene tanto entusiasmo/tantos amigos que… she is so enthusiastic/has so many friends that…;
Fam
nunca había visto tanto niño junto en mi vida I'd never seen so many children in one place;

de tanto gritar se quedó afónico he lost his voice from all that shouting, he shouted so much that he lost his voice;

¡tanto quejarse del tiempo y luego se mudan a Alaska! they never stop complaining about the weather and then they move to Alaska!

2. [cantidad indeterminada] [singular] so much;
[plural] so many;
nos daban tantos pesos al día they used to give us so many pesos per day;

hay cuarenta y tantos candidatos there are forty-odd o forty or so candidates;

tiene treinta y tantos años she's thirty-something o thirty-odd;

nos conocimos en el año sesenta y tantos we met in nineteen sixty-something

3. [en comparaciones]
tanto… como as much… as;

tantos… como as many… as;

hoy no hay tanta gente como ayer there aren't as many people today as yesterday

♦ pron

1. [tan gran cantidad] [singular] so much;
[plural] so many;
tenemos tanto de qué hablar we have so much o such a lot to talk about;

¿cómo puedes tener tantos? how can you have so many?;

éramos tantos que faltó comida there were so many of us we ran out of food;

Comp

ser uno de tantos to be nothing special

2. [cantidad indeterminada] [singular] so much;
[plural] so many;
si el petróleo está a tanto el barril… if oil costs so much a barrel…;

a tantos de agosto on such and such a date in August;

debe de andar por los cuarenta y tantos he must be forty-odd;

ocurrió en el sesenta y tantos it happened in nineteen sixty-something

3. [igual cantidad] [singular] as much;
[plural] as many;
tantos as many;

tantos como desees as many as you like;

había mucha gente aquí, pero allí no había tanta there were a lot of people here, but there weren't as many there;

otro tanto as much again, the same again;

otro tanto le ocurrió a los demás the same thing happened to the rest of them;

ponme otro tanto same again, please;

Comp
Fam
ni tanto ni tan calvo there's no need to go to extremes;

Comp
Esp
tanto monta, monta tanto it makes no difference, it's all the same to me/him/ etc

♦ adv

1. [mucho]
tanto (que…) [cantidad] so much (that…);
[tiempo] so long (that…);
no bebas tanto don't drink so much;

de eso hace tanto que ya no me acordaba it's been so long since that happened that I don't even remember;

la aprecia tanto que… he's so fond of her that…;

ya no llueve tanto it's not raining as much o so hard now;

ya no vienen tanto por aquí they don't come here so often o as much any more;

la quiero, pero no tanto I like her, but not that much;

quizás tardemos una hora en llegar – ¡no tanto! it may take us an hour to get there – it won't take that long!;

¿nos denunciarán? – no creo que la cosa llegue a tanto will they report us? – I don't think it will come to that;

no es para tanto [no es tan grave, malo] it's not too serious;
[no te enfades] there's no need to get so upset about it, it's not such a big deal;
¿el mejor escritor de la historia? yo creo que no es para tanto the best writer ever? I don't see what all the fuss is about myself;

faltan cien kilómetros todavía – ¿tanto? there are still a hundred kilometres to go – as much as that?;

tanto (es así) que… so much so that…;

odia las fiestas, tanto es así que no celebra ni su cumpleaños he hates parties, so much so that he doesn't even celebrate his own birthday;

tanto más cuanto que… all the more so because…;

tanto mejor/peor so much the better/worse;

si no nos quieren invitar, tanto peor para ellos if they don't want to invite us, that's their loss;

¡y tanto! absolutely!, you bet!;

hay cosas más importantes en la vida – ¡y tanto! there are more important things in life – there certainly are! o that's too true!

2. [en comparaciones]
tanto como as much as;

me gusta tanto como a ti I like it (just) as much as you do;

la casa está deteriorada, pero no tanto como para demolerla the house is in a poor state of repair, but not so as you'd want to demolish it;

tanto hombres como mujeres both men and women;

tanto si estoy en casa como si no whether I'm at home or not

3. Am
qué tanto [cuánto]: [m5]¿qué tanto lo conoces? how well do you know him?;

no importa qué tanto sepan de tecnología it doesn't matter how much they know about technology

♦ nm

1. [punto] point;
[gol] goal;
marcar un tanto to score

Comp
tanto directo de saque [en tenis] ace;
tanto de saque [en tenis] service point

2. [ventaja] point;

apuntarse un tanto (a favor) to earn a point in one's favour

3. [poco]
un tanto a bit, rather;

es un tanto pesada she's a bit of a bore o rather boring;

se le ve un tanto triste he seems rather sad

4. [cantidad indeterminada]
un tanto so much, a certain amount;

te cobran un tanto por la reparación y otro por el desplazamiento they charge you so much o a certain amount for the repair work and on top of that a call-out charge;

un tanto así [acompañado de un gesto] this much

Comp
tanto por ciento percentage;
¿qué tanto por ciento de IVA llevan los libros? what percentage Br VAT o US sales tax do you pay on books?

♦ al tanto loc adv

siempre está al tanto de todo she always knows everything that's going on;

no estoy al tanto de lo que ha pasado I'm not up to date with what happened;

mantener a alguien al tanto de algo [informado] to keep sb up to date on o informed about sth;

te mantendremos al tanto we'll keep you informed;

mantenerse al tanto (de algo) to keep up to date (on sth), to keep oneself informed (about sth);

poner a alguien al tanto (de algo) to inform sb (about sth)

♦ en tanto que loc conj

1. [mientras, hasta que] while;

espera en tanto que acabamos wait while we finish

2. [mientras, pero] while, whereas;

él dimitió en tanto que los demás siguieron en el cargo he resigned while o whereas the others remained in their posts

♦ en tanto que loc prep
[como] as;
en tanto que director, me corresponde la decisión as manager, it's for me to decide

♦ entre tanto loc adv
[mientras] meanwhile;
haz las camas y entre tanto, yo lavo los platos you make the beds and, meanwhile, I'll do the dishes

♦ hasta tanto loc conj
[hasta que] until;
hasta tanto no se reúnan until they meet

♦ por (lo) tanto loc conj

therefore, so

* * *

tanto

I adj so much; igual cantidad as much;

tantos pl so many; igual número as many;

comí tantos pasteles que me puse malo I ate so many candies that I was ill;

no vimos tantos pájaros como ayer we didn’t see as many birds as we did yesterday

II pron so much; igual cantidad as much;

un tanto a little;

tantos pl so many; igual número as many;

uno de tantos one of many;

tienes tanto you have so much;

no hay tantos como ayer there aren’t as many as yesterday;

a las tantas de la noche in the small hours

III adv so much; igual cantidad as much; periodo so long;

tardó tanto como él she took as long as him;

tanto mejor so much the better;

no es para tanto it’s not such a big deal;

a tanto no llega things aren’t as bad as that;

tanto es así que … so much so that…;

tanto (me) da I don’t really care;

¡y tanto! yeah!, right on!

IV en locuciones

:

por lo tanto therefore, so;

entre tanto meanwhile;

ella trabajaba en tanto que él veía la televisión she was working while he was watching television

V m

1 point;

apuntarse o

marcar un tanto DEP score a point;

tanto por ciento percentage

2

:

estar al tanto be informed (de about)

3

:

él es muy inteligente, y ella otro tanto he is very intelligent and so is she o and she is too

* * *

tanto adv

1) : so much

tanto mejor: so much the better

2) : so long

¿por qué te tardaste tanto?: why did you take so long?

tanto, -ta adj

1) : so much, so many, such

no hagas tantas preguntas: don't ask so many questions

tiene tanto encanto: he has such charm, he's so charming

2) : as much, as many

come tantos dulces como yo: she eats as many sweets as I do

3) : odd, however many

cuarenta y tantos años: forty-odd years

tanto nm

1) : certain amount

2) : goal, point (in sports)

3)

al tanto : abreast, in the picture

4)

un tanto : somewhat, rather

un tanto cansado: rather tired

tanto, -ta pron

1) : so much, so many

tiene tanto que hacer: she has so much to do

¡no me des tantos!: don't give me so many!

2)

entre tanto : meanwhile

3)

por lo tanto : therefore

* * *

tanto¹ adj pron

1. (con nombres incontables) so much

no deberías tomar tanto café you shouldn't drink so much coffee

2. (con nombres contables) so many

¡hay tantos mosquitos! there are so many mosquitoes!

Cuando se traduce con un adjetivo en inglés, se usa so a secas

hace tanto frío it's so cold

hacía tanto calor it was so hot

tengo tanta hambre I'm so hungry

tanto... como as much... as / as many... as

Depende de si el nombre es contable o incontable

tiene tanto dinero como tú he's got as much money as you

tenéis tantos gatos como nosotros you've got as many cats as us

por lo tanto therefore

... y tantos... something

tiene treinta y tantos años he's thirty something

las tantas the early hours

tanto² adv

1. (en general) so much

no deberías fumar tanto you shouldn't smoke so much

2. (tiempo) so long

tardabas tanto, que me fui you took so long, that I went

no es para tanto it's not that bad

tanto... como... both... and...

tanto tú como yo sabemos como es both you and I know what he's like

tanto mejor so much the better

tanto³ n point / goal

tanto por ciento percentage

estar al tanto (saber) to know (estar alerta) to be on the alert

poner a alguien al tanto to put someone in the picture

Spanish-English dictionary > tanto
14 well

well [wel]

1. noun

(for water, oil) puits m

2. intransitive verb

also well up [tears, emotion] monter

• tears welled (up) in her eyes les larmes lui montèrent aux yeux

• anger welled (up) within him la colère monta en lui

3. adverb

(comparative better, superlative best)

   a. ( = satisfactorily, skilfully) [behave, sleep, eat, treat, remember] bien

• he sings as well as he plays il chante aussi bien qu'il joue

• he sings as well as she does il chante aussi bien qu'elle

• well done! bravo !

• well played! bien joué !

• everything is going well tout va bien

• you're well out of it! c'est une chance que tu n'aies plus rien à voir avec cela !

► to do well

• to do well at school bien marcher à l'école

• he did very well il s'est bien débrouillé

• the patient is doing well le malade est en bonne voie

• you did well to come at once vous avez bien fait de venir tout de suite

• you would do well to think about it tu ferais bien d'y penser

   b. (intensifying = very much, thoroughly) bien

• it's well past 10 o'clock il est bien plus de 10 heures

• well over 1,000 people bien plus de 1 000 personnes

• he is well over fifty il a largement dépassé la cinquantaine

• it continued well into 1996 cela a continué pendant une bonne partie de 1996

• well and truly bel et bien

• well dodgy/annoyed (inf!) (British = very) super (inf) louche/contrarié

• to leave well alone laisser les choses telles qu'elles sont

   c. ( = with good reason, with equal reason) one might well ask why on pourrait à juste titre demander pourquoi

• he couldn't very well refuse il ne pouvait guère refuser

• you might (just) as well say that... autant dire que...

• you may as well tell me the truth tu ferais aussi bien de me dire la vérité

   d. ► as well ( = also) aussi ; ( = on top of all that) par-dessus le marché

• I'll take those as well je prendrai ceux-là aussi

• and it rained as well! et par-dessus le marché il a plu !

• as well as his dog he has two rabbits en plus de son chien il a deux lapins

   e. ( = positively) to think/speak well of penser/dire du bien de

4. exclamation

(surprise) tiens ! ; (relief) ah bon !, eh bien ! ; (resignation) enfin !

• he has won the election! -- well, well, well! il a été élu ! -- tiens, tiens !

• well, what do you think of it? alors qu'en dites-vous ?

• well, here we are at last! eh bien ! nous voilà enfin !

• you know Paul? well, he's getting married vous connaissez Paul ? eh bien il se marie

• are you coming? -- well... I've got a lot to do here vous venez ? -- c'est que... j'ai beaucoup à faire ici

5. adjective

(comparative, superlative best)

   a. bien, bon

• that's all very well but... tout ça c'est bien joli mais... (PROV) all's well that ends well(PROV) tout est bien qui finit bien

   b. ( = healthy) how are you? -- very well, thank you comment allez-vous ? -- très bien, merci

• I hope you're well j'espère que vous allez bien

• to feel well se sentir bien

• to get well se remettre

• get well soon! remets-toi vite !

   c. (cautious) it is as well to remember that... il ne faut pas oublier que...

• it's as well not to offend her il vaudrait mieux ne pas la froisser

6. prefix

• well-chosen/dressed bien choisi/habillé

7. compounds

► well-adjusted adjective [person] (gen) équilibré ; (to society, school) bien adapté

► well-advised adjective [action, decision] sage

• you would be well-advised to leave vous auriez (tout) intérêt à partir ► well-appointed adjective [house, room] bien aménagé

► well-assorted adjective bien assorti

► well-attended adjective [meeting, lecture, show, play] qui attire beaucoup de monde

► well-balanced adjective [person, diet, argument] équilibré

► well-behaved adjective [child] sage ; [animal] obéissant

► well-being noun bien-être m

► well-bred adjective ( = of good family) de bonne famille ; ( = courteous) bien élevé

► well-built adjective [building] bien construit ; [person] bien bâti

► well-chosen adjective bien choisi

► well-connected adjective [person] qui a des relations

► well-cooked adjective [food, meal] bien cuisiné ; ( = not rare) [meat] bien cuit

► well-defined adjective [colours, distinctions, problem] bien défini ; [photo, outline] net

► well-deserved adjective bien mérité

► well-disposed adjective bien disposé ( towards envers)

► well-dressed adjective bien habillé

► well-earned adjective bien mérité

► well-educated adjective cultivé

► well-equipped adjective bien équipé

► well-established adjective bien établi

► well-fed adjective bien nourri

► well-founded adjective [suspicion] fondé

► well-groomed adjective [person] soigné ; [hair] bien coiffé

► well-heeled (inf) adjective nanti

► well-informed adjective bien renseigné ( about sur)

► well-intentioned adjective bien intentionné

► well-judged adjective [remark, criticism] bien vu ; [shot, throw] bien ajusté ; [estimate] juste

► well-kept adjective [house, garden, hair] bien entretenu ; [hands, nails] soigné ; [secret] bien gardé

► well-known adjective ( = famous) célèbre

• it's a well-known fact that... tout le monde sait que... ► well-liked adjective très apprécié

► well-loved adjective très aimé

► well-made adjective bien fait

► well-mannered adjective bien élevé

► well-meaning adjective [person] bien intentionné ; [remark, action] fait avec les meilleures intentions

► well-meant adjective fait avec les meilleures intentions

► well-nigh adverb presque

► well-off adjective ( = rich)

to be well-off vivre dans l'aisance

• the less well-off ceux qui ont de petits moyens

• you don't know when you're well-off ( = fortunate) tu ne connais pas ton bonheur ► well-paid adjective bien payé

► well-preserved adjective [building, person] bien conservé

► well-read adjective cultivé

► well-rounded adjective [style] harmonieux ; [sentence] bien tourné

► well-spoken adjective [person] qui parle bien

► well-stocked adjective [shop, fridge] bien approvisionné

► well-timed adjective [remark, entrance] tout à fait opportun ; [blow] bien calculé

► well-to-do adjective aisé

► well-wisher noun ami (e) m(f) ; (unknown) admirateur m, - trice f

• he got many letters from well-wishers il a reçu de nombreuses lettres d'encouragement ► well-woman clinic noun (British) centre prophylactique et thérapeutique pour femmes

► well-worn adjective [carpet, clothes] usagé ; [phrase, expression] éculé

► well-written adjective bien écrit

* * *
I 1. [wel]
adjective (comparative better, superlative best)

1) ( in good health)

to feel well — se sentir bien

are you well? — vous allez bien?, tu vas bien?

she's not well enough to travel — elle n'est pas en état de voyager

he's not a well man — il a des problèmes de santé

she doesn't look at all well — elle n'a pas l'air en forme du tout

to get well — se rétablir

‘how is he?’ - ‘as well as can be expected’ — ‘comment va-t-il?’ - ‘pas trop mal étant donné les circonstances’

2) ( in satisfactory state) bien

all is not well in their marriage — il y a des problèmes dans leur mariage

that's all very well, but — tout ça c'est bien beau, mais

it's all very well for you to laugh, but — tu peux rire, mais

well and good — c'est très bien

3) ( prudent)

it would be just as well to check — il vaudrait mieux vérifier

it would be as well for you not to get involved — tu ferais mieux de ne pas t'en mêler

4) ( fortunate)

it was just as well for him that the shops were still open — il a eu de la chance que les magasins aient été encore ouverts

the flight was delayed, which was just as well — le vol a été retardé, ce qui n'était pas plus mal
2.
adverb (comparative better, superlative best)

1) ( satisfactorily) bien

he isn't eating very well — il ne mange pas beaucoup

that boy will do well — ce garçon ira loin

he hasn't done as well as he might — il n'a pas réussi aussi bien qu'il aurait pu

I did well in the general knowledge questions — je me suis bien débrouillé pour les questions de culture générale

to do well at school — être bon/bonne élève

mother and baby are both doing well — la mère et l'enfant se portent bien

the operation went well — l'opération s'est bien passée

you did well to tell me — tu as bien fait de me le dire

we'll be doing well if we get there on time — on aura de la chance si on arrive à l'heure

well done! — bravo!

he has done very well for himself — il s'en tire très bien

to do oneself well — bien se soigner

to do well by somebody — se montrer généreux/-euse avec quelqu'un

some businessmen did quite well out of the war — certains hommes d'affaires se sont enrichis pendant la guerre

she didn't come out of it very well — ( of situation) elle ne s'en est pas très bien sortie; (of article, programme etc) ce n'était pas très flatteur pour elle

2) ( used with modal verbs)

you may well be right — il se pourrait bien que tu aies raison

I can well believe it — je veux bien le croire, je n'ai pas de mal à le croire

it may well be that — il se pourrait bien que

I couldn't very well say no — je pouvais difficilement dire non

you may well ask! — je me le demande bien!

we may as well go home — on ferait aussi bien de rentrer

‘shall I shut the door?’ - ‘you might as well’ — ‘est-ce que je ferme la porte?’ - ‘pourquoi pas’

she looked shocked, as well she might — elle a eu l'air choquée, ce qui n'avait rien d'étonnant

3) ( intensifier) bien, largement

it was well worth waiting for — ça valait vraiment la peine d'attendre

the weather remained fine well into September — le temps est resté au beau fixe pendant une bonne partie du mois de septembre

she was active well into her eighties — elle était toujours active même au-delà de ses quatre-vingts ans

profits are well above average — les bénéfices sont nettement supérieurs à la moyenne

4) ( approvingly)

to speak well of somebody — dire du bien de quelqu'un

5)

to wish somebody well — souhaiter beaucoup de chance à quelqu'un
3.
exclamation ( expressing astonishment) eh bien!; (expressing indignation, disgust) ça alors!; ( expressing disappointment) tant pis!; (after pause in conversation, account) bon; ( qualifying statement) enfin

well, you may be right — après tout, tu as peut-être raison

well, that's too bad — c'est vraiment dommage

well then, what's the problem? — alors, quel est le problème?

oh well, there's nothing I can do about it — ma foi, je n'y peux rien

well, well, well, so you're off to America? — alors comme ça, tu pars aux États-Unis!

very well then — très bien
4.
as well adverbial phrase aussi
5.
as well as prepositional phrase aussi bien que

they have a house in the country as well as an apartment in Paris — ils ont à la fois une maison à la campagne et un appartement à Paris

by day as well as by night — de jour comme de nuit

••

to be well in with somebody — (colloq) être bien avec quelqu'un (colloq)

to be well up in something — s'y connaître en quelque chose

to leave well alone GB ou well enough alone US — ne pas s'en mêler

you're well out of it! — (colloq) heureusement que tu n'as plus rien à voir avec ça!

well and truly — bel et bien
II 1. [wel]
noun ( in ground) puits m; ( pool) source f
2.
intransitive verb = well up

Phrasal Verbs:

- well up

English-French dictionary > well
15 ὅς

ὅς [(A)], ἥ, ὅ, gen. οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc. ; dat. pl. οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.: [dialect] Ep. forms, gen. ὅου (prob. replacing Οο) in the phrases

A ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ' ὀλεῖται Il.2.325
, h.Ap. 156 ; ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον Od.1.70
(elsewh. οὗ Il. 7.325
, al., never οἷο); fem. ἕης Il.16.208
(perh. imitation of ὅου; elsewh. only ἧς 5.265
, al.); dat. pl. οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in Hom.):—Pron. used,

A as demonstr. by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the Art. ὁ, ἡ, τό : in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases.

B as a Relat. by the side of the Art. ὅ, ἥ, τό (v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this demonstr. and Relat. Pron. must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Skt. Relat. yas, yā, yad, Lith. jis, ji (he, she), Oslav. i, ja, je (he, she, it).)

A DEMONSTR. PRON., = οὗτος, ὅδε, this, that; also, he, she, it:

I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the nom. masc. and neut. ὅς, ὅ, and perh. nom. fem. ἥ and nom. pl. οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό ([etym.] ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codd. have ἥ in Il.17.551, Od. 24.255, al., and this (as also οἵ ) can be referred equally to either (on the accent v. ὁ, ἡ, τό): with γάρ or καί, ὃς γὰρ δεύτατος ἦλθεν 1.286
; ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε Il.21.198
; ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων Od.24.190
, Il.23.9, cf. 12.344 : freq. used emphatically in apodosi, mostly with οὐδέ or μηδέ before it, μηδ' ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ' ὃς φύγοι Il.6.59
, cf. 7.160, Od.4.653 : after a part., εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) Hes.Op.22.

II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms:

1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, Hdt.7.18, X.Smp.1.15, Pl. Phd. 118, Prt. 310d ; καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, Hdt.8.56,87, Pl. Smp. 201e, X.An.7.6.4.

2 ὃς καὶ ὅς
such and such a person, Hdt.4.68
:—here also the Art. supplied the obl. cases.

3 ἦ δ' ὅς, ἦ δ' ἥ, said he, said she, v. ἠμί.

4 in oppositions, where it sts. answers to the Art., Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ' οὔ.. Phoc.1
; ὃς μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.. Mosch.3.76
; ὃ μὲν.., ὃς δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃς δὲ.. Bion 1.81
; so τῷ μὲν.., ᾧ δὲ.., ᾧ δὲ.. AP6.187
(Alph.); ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (neut.) Ev.Matt.13.8 ; ἂ μὲν.., ἃ δὲ.. Heraclit.102
, Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.110 ; ὧν μὲν.., ὧν δὲ.. Philem.99
; πόλεις ἃς μὲν.., ἃς δὲ.. D.18.71
(as v. l.): so in [dialect] Dor. dat. fem. as Adv., ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. Tab.Heracl.1.81
; ἐφ' ὧν μὲν.., ἐφ' ὧν δὲ.. Arist.EN 1109a1
: very freq. in late Prose, Arr.Epict.3.25.1, etc.: also answering to other Prons., ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. Philem.31.6
; ἐφ' ᾧ μὲν.., ἐπὶ θατέρῳ δὲ.. Arist. HA 564a21
, etc.

B RELAT. PRON., who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in Hom. also ὁ, ἡ, τό), we find in common use the compd. forms ὅστε, ὅστις and ὅτις, ὅσπερ and ὅπερ, ὅς γε (q. v.).

0-0USAGE of the Relat. Pron. (the foll. remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as relat.):

I in respect of CONCORD.—Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or Pron. in the antec. clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions:

1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antec., φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή Il.22.87
; τέκνων, οὓς ἤγαγε E.Supp.12
: so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is freq. put in pl. in the gender implied in the Noun, λαόν.., οὕς.. Il.16.369
; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., Th.6.91,3.4 ; πλήθει, οἵπερ.. Pl.Phdr. 260a
; esp. after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos of the Laestrygonians, who..) Od.23.319 ; τὰς Ἀθήνας, οἵ γε.. Hdt.7.8
.
β' ; Μέγαρα.., οὓς.. Th.6.94
: it also may agree with the Noun or Pron. implied in an Adj., Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ' ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets of Thebes, which.., S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.); τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children of Heracles, who.., E.HF 157;
τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου, ὅν..
of me whom.., S.OC 731
; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ' ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ' ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, D.20.8.

2 when the antec. Noun in sg. implies a class, the Relat. is sts. in pl., ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ.. ) Od.19.40 ;
κῆτος, ἃ μυρία βόσκει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη
one of the thousands, which..,
12.97
;
αὐτουργός, οἵπερ..
one of those who.., E.Or. 920
: rare in Prose, ἀνὴρ καλός τε κἀγαθός, ἐν οἷς οὐδαμοῦ σὺ φανήσει γεγονώς D.18.310
, cf. Lys.1.32.

3 reversely, the sg. Relat. may follow a pl. antec., where the relat. clause refers to each individual ; but in this case ὅστις or ὃς ἄν is mostly used, ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον, ὅ τις κ' ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ, for ἀνθρώπων τινά, ὅς κε.., Il.3.279 ; πάντα.., ὅ τι νοοίης, i.e. anything which.., Ar.Nu. 1381 : rarely ὅς alone, τὰ λίνεα [ ὅπλα], τοῦ τάλαντον ὁ πῆχυς εἷλκε a cubit's length where of.., Hdt.7.36.

4 the Relat. is sts. in the neut., agreeing rather with the notion implied in the antec. than with the Noun itself, διὰ τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ὃ πᾶσα φύσις διώκειν πέφυκεν for profit's sake—a thing which.., Pl.R. 359c, cf. Lg. 849d;
τοὺς Φωκέας, ὃ σιωπᾶν εἰκὸς ἦν
a name which.., D.19.44
; γυναῖκας, ἐφ' ὅπερ.. women, for dealings with whom, E.Ba. 454.

5 with Verbs of naming, the Relat. freq. agrees with the name added as a predicate, rather than with the antec., ξίφος, τὸν ἀκινάκην καλέουσι Hdt.7.54
; τὴν ἄκρην, αἳ καλεῦνται Κληΐδες Id.5.108
, cf. 2.17, 124, etc.

II in respect of CONSTRUCTION.—Prop., the Relat. is governed by the Noun or Verb in its own clause.—But it is freq. thrown by attraction into the case of the antec. (prob. not in Hom., ἧς in Il.5.265, cf. 23.649, can be expld. otherwise), ἀπὸ παιδεύσιος, τῆς ἐπεπαίδευτο (for τῇ or τήν) Hdt.4.78; freq. in [dialect] Att., Th.7.21, etc.: esp. where a Demonstr. Pron. is unexpressed, while the Relat. takes its case, οὐδὲν ὧν λέγω (for οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ λ.) S.El. 1048, 1220, etc.; ξὺν ᾧπερ εἶχον οἰκετῶν (for ξὺν τούτῳ ὅνπερ) Id.OC 334 ; ἀνθ' ὧν ἂν ἐμοὶ δανείσῃς (for ἀντὶ τούτων ἅ.. ) X.Cyr.3.1.34 ; πρὸς οἷς ἐκτήσαντο (for πρὸς τούτοις ἅ.. ) Pl.Grg. 519a, etc.: the Demonstr. Pron. sts follows, ἀφ' ὧν ἐγένεσθε ἀγαθοί, ἀπὸ τούτων ὠφελεῖσθαι Th.3.64
, cf. D.8.23,26.—This attraction is rare, exc. when the acc. passes into the gen. or dat. (v. supr.): sts. nom. is so attracted, οὐδὲν εἰδότες τῶν ἦν (for τούτων ἃ ἦν) Hdt.1.78; ἀφ' ὧν παρεσκεύασται (for ἀπὸ τούτων ἃ π.) Th.7.67: also dat., ὧν ἐγὼ ἐντετύχηκα οὐδείς (for τούτων οἷς.. ) Pl.Grg. 509a.

b reversely the antec. passes into the case of the Relat., φυλακὰς δ' ἃς εἴρεαι.., οὔτις (for φυλακῶν.. οὔτις) Il.10.416; τὰς στήλας, τὰς ἵστα, αἱ πλεῦνες.. (for τῶν στηλῶν.. αἱ πλεῦνες) Hdt.2.106: so also when the Noun follows the Relat. clause, it may be put in apposition with the Relat., Κύκλωπος κεχόλωται, ὃν ὀφθαλμοῦ ἀλάωσεν, ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον Od.1.69
, cf. 4.11, Il.3.123, A.Th. 553, E.Hec. 771, 986, Hipp. 101, etc.

2 the Demonstr. Pron. or the Noun with an Art. is sts. transferred to the Relat. clause, Ἰνδὸν ποταμόν, ὃς κροκοδείλους δεύτερος οὗτος.. παρέχεται the river Indus, being the second river which.., Hdt.4.44; σφραγῖδα.., ἣν ἐπὶ δέλτῳ τήνδε κομίζεις E.IA 156
(anap.); φοβούμεθα δέ γε.. δόξαν.., ὃν δὴ καὶ καλοῦμεν τὸν φόβον ἡμεῖς γε αἰσχύνην Pl.Lg. 647a
.

3 the Relat. in all cases may govern a partit. gen., ἀθανάτων ὅς τίς σε.. any one of the immortals who.., Od.15.35, cf. 25,5.448, etc.; οἳ.. τῶν ἀστῶν Hdt.7.170
; οὓς.. βαρβάρων A.Pers. 475
; ᾧ.. τῶν ἡνιόχων Pl. Phdr. 247b
: freq. in neut., ἐς ὃ δυνάμιος to what a height of power, Hdt.7.50 ; οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ κάμνει τοῦ λόγου; what part of thy speech, E. Ion 363; ᾧπερ τῆς τέχνης ἐπίστευον in which particular of their art.., Th. 7.36 ; τὰ μακρὰ τείχη, ἃ σφῶν.. εἶχον which portion of their territory, Id.4.109, etc.: rarely in such forms as ἕξουσι δ' ἣν λάβωσιν ἐν ταφῇ χθονός (for ὃ χθονός) A.Th. 819 ( χθόνα cj. Brunck).

III in respect of the Moods which follow the Relat.:

1 when the Relat. is equivalent to καί + demonstr. (ὅς = and he..) any mood may follow which may be found in independent clauses: ἦλθε τὸ ναυτικὸν τὸ τῶν βαρβάρων, ὃ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἰδὼν ἐφοβήθη; Lys.2.34 ; ὁ δ' εἰς τὸ σῶφρον ἐπ' ἀρετήν τ' ἄγων ἔρως ζηλωτὸς ἀνθρώποισιν· ὧν εἴην ἐγώ E.Fr. 672
; ἐλπίς, ᾗ μόνῃ σωθεῖμεν ἄν Id.Hel. 815
; εἰς καλὸν ἡμῖν Ἄνυτος ὅδε παρεκαθέζετο, ᾧ μεταδῶμεν τῆς σκέψεως to whom let us.., Pl.Men. 89e ; ὃν ὑμεῖς.. νομίσατε which I would have you think.., Lys.19.61: so the inf. in orat. obliq., ἔτι δὲ.. προσετίθει χρήματα οὐκ ὀλίγα, οἷς χρήσεσθαι αὐτούς (sc. ἔφη) Th.2.13: for the inf. after ἐφ' ᾧ τε, v. ἐπί B. 111.3.

2 after ὅς, ὅστις, = whoever, in collective hypothetical sense (= if A + if B + if C..), the same moods are used as after εἰ:

a [tense] pres. ind., τῷδ' ἔφες ἀνδρὶ βέλος.. ὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει Il.5.175
; κλῦθι, ἄναξ, ὅτις ἐσσί Od.5.445
; δουληΐην.., ἥτις ἐστί (as we say) whatever it is, Hdt.6.12 ; ὅ τι ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνή ἐστι πλὴν παιδίων all that are man and woman, Id.2.60 ; Ζεύς, ὅστις ποτ' ἐστίν A.Ag. 160
(lyr.): also after ὅς, ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὃς πενίῃ εἴκων ἀπατήλια βάζει Od.14.157
, etc.

b subj. with ἄν ([etym.] κεν) or, in poetry, without ἄν: ξυνίει ἔπος ὅττι κεν εἴπω 19.378
; οὐ δηναιὸς ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχηται Il.5.407
:—in such cases the opt. is used after secondary tenses, Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ 15.731
, cf. Hes.Sc. 480 ; πάντας ἑξῆς, ὅτῳ ἐντύχοιεν,.. κτείνοντες Th.7.29
, cf. Pl.Ap. 21a, etc.

c sts. opt. without ἄν after a primary tense, ὃν πόλις στήσειε, τοῦδε χρὴ κλύειν S.Ant. 666
; after an opt., ἔρδοι τις ἣν ἕκαστος εἰδείη τέχνην Ar.V. 1431
.

IV peculiar Idioms:

1 in Homer and correct writers, when two coordinate Relat. clauses were joined by καί or δέ, the Relat. Pron. was freq. replaced in the second clause by the demonstr. even though the case was changed, ἄνδρα.., ὃς μέγα πάντων Ἀργείων κρατέει καί οἱ πείθονται Ἀχαιοί (for καὶ ᾧ) Il.1.78 ; ὅου κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.. · Θόωσα δέ μιν τέκε νύμφη (for ὃν τέκε) Od.1.70, cf. 14.85, etc. ; and this sts. even without the demonstr. being expressed, δοίη δ' ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι (for καὶ ὅς οἱ) 2.54, cf. 114 ; οὕς κεν ἐΰ γνοίην καί τ' οὔνομα μυθησαίμην (for καὶ ὧν) Il.3.235 ; ᾗ χαλκὸς μὲν ὑπέστρωται, χαλκὸν δ' ἐπίεσται (nom. supplied) Orac. ap. Hdt.1.47 ; ἃς ἐπιστήμας μὲν προσείπομεν.., δέονται δὲ ὀνόματος ἄλλου Pl.R. 533d
.

2 the neut. of the Relat. is used in [dialect] Att. to introduce a clause qualifying the whole of the principal clause which follows: the latter clause is commonly introduced by γάρ, ὅτι, εἰ, ἐπειδή, etc., ὃ δὲ δεινότατόν γ' ἐστὶν ἁπάντων, ὁ Ζεὺς γὰρ.. ἕστηκεν κτλ. Ar.Av. 514
, cf. D.19.211, etc.; ὃ δὲ πάντων σχετλιώτατον, εἰ.. βουλευσόμεθα Isoc.6.56
; ὃ μὲν πάντων θαυμαστότατον ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι.. Pl. R. 491b
, cf.Ap. 18c: also without any Conj., ὃ δὲ πάντων δεινότατόν ἐστι, τοιοῦτος ὢν κτλ. And.4.16
; ὃ δ' ἠπάτα σε πλεῖστον.., ηὔχεις κτλ. E.El. 938
: c. inf., ὃ δὲ πάντων δεινότατον, τὴν ἀδελφὴν ὑποδέξασθαι Lys.19.33
(but ὑποδέξασθαι < δεῖ> is prob. cj.), etc.:—so also the neut. pl. ἅ may mean with reference to that which, ἃ δ'.. ἐστί σοι λελεγμένα, πᾶν κέρδος ἡγοῦ.. as to what has been said.., E.Med. 453, cf. Hdt.3.81, S.OT 216, Ar.Eq. 512, etc.

3 in many instances the Gr. Relat. must be resolved into a Conj. and Pron., θαυμαστὸν ποιεῖς, ὃς ἡμῖν οὐδὲν δίδως (= ὅτι σὺ) X.Mem.2.7.13, cf. Lys.7.23 codd., Pl.Smp. 204b, etc.: very freq. in conditional clauses, for εἴ or ἐάν τις, βέλτερον ὃς... προφύγῃ κακόν, ἠὲ ἁλώῃ Il.14.81
, cf. Hes.Op. 327 ; συμφορὰ δ', ὃς ἂν τύχῃ κακῆς γυναικός E.Fr. 1056
; τὸ δ' εὐτυχές, οἳ ἂν.. λάχωσι κτλ. Th.2.44
; τὸ καλῶς ἄρξαι τοῦτ' εἶναι, ὃς ἂν τὴν πατρίδα ὠφελήσῃ Id.6.14
.

4 the Relat. freq. stands where we should use a final Conj. or the inf., ἄγγελον ἧκαν, ὃς ἀγγείλειε sent a messenger to tell.., Od. 15.458 ;
κλητοὺς ὀτρύνομεν, οἵ κε τάχιστα ἔλθωσ'
that they may.., Il. 9.165
: and freq. with [tense] fut. ind., πρέσβεις ἄγουσα, οἵπερ φράσουσι (v.l. φράσωσι) to tell.., Th.7.25 ; πέμψον τιν', ὅστις σημανεῖ E.IT 1209
(troch.), cf. X.HG2.3.2, Mem.2.1.14: so with [tense] fut. opt., ὀργάνου, ᾧ τὴν τροφὴν δέξοιτο Pl.Ti. 33c
: also for ὥστε, after οὕτω, ὧδε, etc., οὐκ ἔστιν οὕτω μῶρος, ὃς θανεῖν ἐρᾷ (for ὥστε ἐρᾶν) S.Ant. 220, cf. Hdt.4.52, E.Alc. 198, Ar.Ach. 737, etc.

5 ὅς is freq. used where we should expect οἷος, as μαθὼν ὃς εἶ φύσιν what thou art, S.Aj. 1259, cf. E.Alc. 640, Pl. Euthd. 283d, etc.

6 ὅς is sts. = ὅστις or τις in indirect clauses, γνώσῃ.. ὅς.. ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ἠδ' ὅς κ' ἐσθλὸς ἔῃσι Il.2.365
(perh. felt as Relat.); ὃς ἦν ὁ ἀναδέξας, οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν I cannot tell who it was that.., Hdt.6.124 ; γενομένης λέσχης ὃς γένοιτο.. ἄριστος Id.9.71
(in 4.131,6.37,7.37, τί θέλει ([etym.] θέλοι ) has been conjectured for τὸ of the Mss.); so in [dialect] Att., ἐγῷδ' ὅς ἐστι, Κλεισθένης ὁ Σιβυρτίου Ar.Ach. 118
, cf. 442, Av. 804, Pl.59, 369, S.OT 1068, OC 1171 ; πέμπει πρὸς τὸν Κῦρον, εἰπὼν ὃς ἦν X.Cyr.6.1.46
, cf. D.52.7; δηλώσας ὃς ἦν Arist.Po. 1452a26
; γράψας παρ' οὗ κομιούμεθα PCair.Zen.150.11
(iii B. C.).

b later ὅς = τίς even in direct questions, ἐφ' ὃ πάρει ; Ev.Matt.26.50 ; ἣν δοκεῖς; Arr.Epict.4.1.120 (both dub.).

7 in exclamations, ὦ Ἡράκλεις, ἃ πέπονθα Men.Epit. 146
. 0-1A a. the Relat. Pron. joined with Particles or Conjs.:

I ὅς γε, v. ὅσγε.

II ὃς δή, v. δή 11.2 ; ὃν δήποτε τρόπον in some way or other, Arist.Metaph. 1090a6 ; ὁδήποτε, ἁδήποτε, anything or things whatever, Id.EN 1167a35, 1164a25 ; [full] ὁσδηποτοῦν, Euc.Phaen.p.10 M., Dsc.5.10, Jul.Or.1.18c, IG22.1121.30 (iv A. D.); [full] ὁσδηποτεοῦν, IGRom. 4.915 (Cibyra, i A. D.), IG22.1368.133 (ii A. D.); [full] ὁσδητισοῦν (in [dialect] Boeot. form ὁσδειτισῶν), ib.7.3081.5 (Lebad.) ; [full] ὁσποτοῦν, Dicaearch.2.4.

III ὃς καί, v. καί B. 6; but καὶ ὅς and who (which), D.23.68.

2 Ἀπολλώνιον ὃν καὶ Φᾶβι A.
, called also Ph., Wilcken Chr.11 A52 (ii B. C.), etc.: for nom. sg. masc. v. καί B. 2.

IV ὅς κε or κεν, [dialect] Att. ὃς ἄν, whosoever, who if any.., v. ἄν B. 1.2.

2 ὅς κε is also used so as to contain the antec. in itself, much like εἴ τις as νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδὲν κλαίειν, ὅς κε θάνῃσι I am not wroth that men should weep for whoever be dead, Od.4.196: ὅστις is also used in this way, cf. ὅστις 1
.

V ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, v. sub vocc. 0-2A b. abs. usages of certain Cases of the Relat. Pron.:

I gen. sg. οὗ, of Place,

1 like ὅπου, where, A.Pers. 486, S.OC 158 (lyr.), etc.; οὗ δή A.Pr. 814
, v.l. in Pl.Phdr. 248b, etc.; οὗπερ A.Th. 1016
, S. Aj. 1237, OC77, etc.; also of circumstances, οὗ γὰρ τοιούτων δεῖ, τοιοῦτός εἰμ' ἐγώ Id.Ph. 1049
; εἰ γένοιο οὗ νῦν εἰμί Pl.Smp. 194a
, etc.;
ἔστιν οὗ
in some places, E.Or. 638
;
οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ..
in some places.., in others.., Arist.Oec. 1345b34
: c. gen., οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς εἰσέδυ in what part of the earth, E.IA[ 1583]; ἐννοεῖς οὗ ἐστὶ.. τοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκεσθαι Pl.Men. 84a
; συνιδὼν οὗ κακῶν ἦν Luc.Tox.17
.

2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) X.An.2.1.6 ; so οὗπερ προσβεβοηθήκει Th.2.86
, cf. 1.134 ; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) X.Cyr.5.4.14 (dub. l.); ἐπειδὰν ἱζήσωμεν οὗ ἄγεις Philostr.Her.Prooem.13
: in later Gr. οὗ was used simply for οἷ, οὗπερ ἂν ἔλθῃ Tim069, cf. Ev.Luc.10.1, etc.: but in early writers this is f. l., as in D.21.74, etc.

II dat. fem. ᾗ, [dialect] Dor. ᾇ, of Place, where, or Manner, as, v. ᾗ.

III old loc. οἷ, as Adv., v. οἷ.

2 old abl. (?) ὧ, in [dialect] Dor. (cf. ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ ( whence) μ' ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ Theoc.3.11
; ἐν τᾷ πόλι, ὧ κ' ᾖ, καρῡξαι ἐν τἀγορᾷ IG9(1).334.21
([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).

IV acc. sg. neut. ὅ, very freq. = ὅτι, that, how that, λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ Il.1.120
, al.; and so also, because, ταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος 20.283
,al.

2 in [dialect] Att. ὅ, for which reason, E.Hec.13, Ph. 155, 263, Ar.Ec. 338: also acc. neut. pl. ἅ in this sense, S.Tr. 137 (lyr.), Isoc.8.122.

3 whereas, Th.2.40,3.12, Ep.Rom.6.10, Ep.Gal.2.20.

V ἀφ' οὗπερ
from the time that.., A.Pers. 177
.

VI ἐφ' ᾧ, v. ἐπί B. 111.3.

------------------------------------

ὅς [(B)], ἥ, ὅν (not ὅ, v. Il.1.609,21.305, Od.11.515), gen.

A οἷο Il.3.333
, Od.1.330, al., οὗ 23.150
, al. ; Cret. [full] ϝός Leg.Gort.1.18,al., SIG 1183 ; so in [dialect] Aeol., Sapph.Supp.1.6, Lyr.Adesp.32, cf. A.D.Pron. 107.11 :—POSSESS. PRON.:

I of the 3 pers., his, her, put either before or after its Noun, ᾧ πενθερῷ, ὃν θυμόν, etc., Il.6.170, 202, etc. ; ἧς ἀρχῆς IG12.761
; πόσιος οὗ, πατέρι ᾧ, Od.23.150,3.39, etc.: sts. also with Art., τὰ ἃ κῆλα Il.12.280
; τὰ ἃ δώματα Od.14.153
, etc.; also in Lyr., Pi.O.5.8, P.6.36 (elsewh. Pi. prefers ἑός), B.5.47: sts. in Trag., λέσχας ἇς A.Eu. 367
(lyr.); ὧν παίδων S.OC 1639
(iamb.); ἐκγόνοισιν οἷς E.Med. 955
(iamb.): with Art., λιτῶν τῶν ὧν A.Th. 641
; ὅπλων τῶν ὧν S.Aj. 442
; τῶν ὧν τέκνων Id.Tr. 266
, cf. 525 (lyr.); τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ Id.OT 1248
: so in Cret. Prose, τὰ ϝὰ αὐτᾶς Leg.Gort. 2.46
; in Thgn.1009, ὧν αὐτοῦ κτεάνων is to be restd. for τῶν.. from IG12.499 ; once in Hdt., γυναῖκα ἥν 1.205
; never in [dialect] Att. Prose.

II of the 2 pers., for σός, thy, thine, Hes.Op. 381, AP7.539 (Pers.), Mosch.4.77(dub. in Hom., v. infr.); and

III of the I pers., for ἐμός, my, mine, Od.9.28,13.320, A.R.4.1015, 1036.—Signfs. II and III were denied for Homer by Aristarch., see esp. A.D.Pron.109.20 ; in Od.9.28 and 34 he (or at least A. D. l.c.) rendered ἧς γαίης and πατρίδος 'a man's own fatherland', and athetized Od.13.320: in Il.14.221, 264,16.36,19.174, al., φρεσὶ σῇσιν has better Ms. authority than φρεσὶν ᾗσιν; and in Od.15.542, cf. 1.402, δώμασι σοῖσιν than δώμασιν οἷσιν; v. ἑός. (Cogn. with Skt. σϝάς 'his (my, thy) own', Slav. stem. svo- (used of all 3 persons, as in Skt.): I.-E. swo- was related to I.-E. sewo-, v. ἑός.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὅς

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